17,468 research outputs found
Low-Energy Behavior of Gluons and Gravitons from Gauge Invariance
We show that at tree level, on-shell gauge invariance can be used to fully
determine the first subleading soft-gluon behavior and the first two subleading
soft-graviton behaviors. Our proofs of the behaviors for n-gluon and n-graviton
tree amplitudes are valid in D dimensions and are similar to Low's proof of
universality of the first subleading behavior of photons. In contrast to
photons coupling to massive particles, in four dimensions the soft behaviors of
gluons and gravitons are corrected by loop effects. We comment on how such
corrections arise from this perspective. We also show that loop corrections in
graviton amplitudes arising from scalar loops appear only at the second soft
subleading order. This case is particularly transparent because it is not
entangled with graviton infrared singularities. Our result suggests that if we
set aside the issue of infrared singularities, soft-graviton Ward identities of
extended BMS symmetry are not anomalous through the first subleading order.Comment: RevTeX, 5 figures, 28 pages; v3 minor corrections and clarification
Diagrammatic Coupled Cluster Monte Carlo
We propose a modified coupled cluster Monte Carlo algorithm that
stochastically samples connected terms within the truncated
Baker--Campbell--Hausdorff expansion of the similarity transformed Hamiltonian
by construction of coupled cluster diagrams on the fly. Our new approach --
diagCCMC -- allows propagation to be performed using only the connected
components of the similarity-transformed Hamiltonian, greatly reducing the
memory cost associated with the stochastic solution of the coupled cluster
equations. We show that for perfectly local, noninteracting systems, diagCCMC
is able to represent the coupled cluster wavefunction with a memory cost that
scales linearly with system size. The favorable memory cost is observed with
the only assumption of fixed stochastic granularity and is valid for arbitrary
levels of coupled cluster theory. Significant reduction in memory cost is also
shown to smoothly appear with dissociation of a finite chain of helium atoms.
This approach is also shown not to break down in the presence of strong
correlation through the example of a stretched nitrogen molecule. Our novel
methodology moves the theoretical basis of coupled cluster Monte Carlo closer
to deterministic approaches.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figure
Checking into China’s Cow Hotels: Have Post-Milk Scandal Policies Changed the Structure of the Dairy Sector?.
School Dropouts and Conditional Cash Transfers: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural China’s Junior High Schools.
Recent anecdotal reports suggest that dropout rates may be higher and actually increasing over time in poor rural areas. There are many reasons not to be surprised that there is a dropout problem, given the fact that China has a high level of poverty among the rural population, a highly competitive education system and rapidly increasing wages for unskilled workers. The overall goal of this study is to examine if there is a dropout problem in rural China and to explore the effectiveness that a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program could have on dropouts (and mechanism by which the CCT might affect drop outs). To meet this objective, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a CCT using a sample of 300 junior high school students in a nationally-designated poor county in Northwest China. Using our data, we found that the annual dropout rate in the study county was high, about 7%. We find, however, that a CCT program reduces drop outs by 60%; the dropout rate is 13.3% in the control group and 5.3 % in the treatment group. The program is most effective in the case of girls, younger students and the poorest performing students.
Correlating Infall with Deuterium Fractionation in Dense Cores
We present a survey of HCO+ (3-2) observations pointed towards dense cores
with previous measurements of N(N2D+)/N(N2H+). Of the 26 cores in this survey,
five show the spectroscopic signature of outward motion, nine exhibit neither
inward nor outward motion, eleven appear to be infalling, and one is not
detected. We compare the degree of deuterium fractionation with infall
velocities calculated from the HCO+ spectra and find that those cores with
[D]/[H] > 0.1 are more likely to have the signature of inward motions than
cores with smaller [D]/[H] ratios. Infall motions are also much more common in
cores with masses exceeding their thermal Jeans masses. The fastest infall
velocity measured belongs to one of the two protostellar cores in our survey,
L1521F, and the observed motions are typically on the order of the sound speed.Comment: Accepted to Ap
School dropouts and conditional cash transfers: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in rural China's junior high schools.
Recent anecdotal reports suggest that dropout rates may be higher and actually increasing over time in poor rural areas. There are many reasons not to be surprised that there is a dropout problem, given the fact that China has a high level of poverty among the rural population, a highly competitive education system and rapidly increasing wages for unskilled workers. The overall goal of this study is to examine if there is a dropout problem in rural China and to explore the effectiveness that a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program could have on dropouts (and mechanism by which the CCT might affect drop outs). To meet this objective, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a CCT using a sample of 300 junior high school students in a nationally-designated poor county in Northwest China. Using our data, we found that the annual dropout rate in the study county was high, about 7.0%. We find, however, that a CCT program reduces drop outs by 60%; the dropout rate is 13.3% in the control group and 5.3 % in the treatment group. The program is most effective in the case of girls, younger students and the poorest performing students.
Do Poor Students Benefit from China’s Merger Program? Transfer Path and Educational Performance.
Aiming to provide better education facilities and improve the educational attainment of poor rural students, China’s government has been merging remote rural primary schools to centralized village, town, or county schools since the late 1990s. To accompany the policy, boarding facilities have been constructed that allow (mandate) primary school-aged children to live at school rather than at home. More generally, there also have been efforts to improve rural schools, especially those in counties and towns. Unfortunately, little empirical work has been available to evaluate the impact of the new merger and investment programs on the educational performance of students. Drawing on a unique dataset that records both the path by which students navigate their primary school years (i.e., which different types of schools did students attend) as well as math test scores in three poverty-stricken counties, we use descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis (both OLS and covariate matching) to analyze the relationship between different transfer paths and student educational performance. This allows us to examine the costs and benefits of the school merger and investment programs. The results of the analysis show that students who attend county schools perform systematically better than those attend village or town schools. However, completing primary school in town schools seems to have no effect on students’ academic performance. Surprisingly, starting primary education in a teaching point does not hurt rural students; on the contrary, it increases their test scores in some cases. Finally, in terms of the boarding effect, the neutral estimate in OLS and the negative estimate in covariate matching results confirm that boarding at school does not help the students; in some cases it may even reduce their academic performance.
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