Functional implications of minor mandibular asymmetry: clinical and digital research on a sample of healthy patients

OBJECTIVE.The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence that the mandibular asymmetry could have towards the other components of the Stomathognatic system and to further related structures from a functional point of view. MATERIALS and METHODS. A sample of 18 young asymmetric patients, in healthy status, was investigated with clinical evaluation and questionnaires and digital devices such as Electromiography, Stabilometry, T-scan and Formetric. Descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS. ASIM electromyography index was significant only in a short percentage of the sample. Hypertonia of temporalis muscle in the same side of mandibular deviation and the cross-activation of the contralateral masseter were present. The data of the stabilometric platform showed that only 33% of patients had a load discrepancy between right and left side. All patients presented similar and limited postural anomalies during the Formetric examination. No significant results emerged from statistics . CONCLUSIONS. From the emerging data, mandibular asymmetry does not seem to be considered a potential risk factor for the development of functional anomalies both in the stomatognatic system and in the postural one. The only issue that should be considered is the condylar retrusion of the mandibular shortest side that is a possible destabilizing factor of the TMJ condyle-disc coordination

Functional implications of minor mandibular asymmetry: clinical and digital research on a sample of healthy patients

OBJECTIVE.The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence that the mandibular asymmetry could have towards the other components of the Stomathognatic system and to further related structures from a functional point of view. MATERIALS and METHODS. A sample of 18 young asymmetric patients, in healthy status, was investigated with clinical evaluation and questionnaires and digital devices such as Electromiography, Stabilometry, T-scan and Formetric. Descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS. ASIM electromyography index was significant only in a short percentage of the sample. Hypertonia of temporalis muscle in the same side of mandibular deviation and the cross-activation of the contralateral masseter were present. The data of the stabilometric platform showed that only 33% of patients had a load discrepancy between right and left side. All patients presented similar and limited postural anomalies during the Formetric examination. No significant results emerged from statistics . CONCLUSIONS. From the emerging data, mandibular asymmetry does not seem to be considered a potential risk factor for the development of functional anomalies both in the stomatognatic system and in the postural one. The only issue that should be considered is the condylar retrusion of the mandibular shortest side that is a possible destabilizing factor of the TMJ condyle-disc coordination

COMPUTER AIDED RESTORATION TOOLS TO ASSIST THE CONSERVATION OF AN ANCIENT SCULPTURE. THE COLOSSAL STATUE OF ZEUS ENTHRONED

The research focuses on the contribution of the integrated application of Computer Aided Restoration digital procedures as a means to guide the integration measure of an artifact, innovating and implementing the traditional investigation methods. The aim of the study was to provide effective geometrical-formal investigation tools in the frame of the conservation work of Zeus enthroned from Soluntum, conserved in the Archaeological Museum \u201cA. Salinas\u201d of Palermo. The paper describes the workflow of the 3D acquisition and graphical modeling with non-invasive digitalization and high information density techniques to assist the conservation of the legs of the throne, especially the integration of the missing part. Thanks to the technique of the digital fabrication it has been reconstruct the two missing parts following the theoretical criteria as: recognisability, compatibility and retractability. This innovative application of 3D digital technologies have showed as the integrated use of the new technology can be a useful tools for improving the conservation of a work of art

The mechanically-based approach to 3D non-local linear elasticity theory: Long-range central interactions

This paper presents the generalization to a three-dimensional (3D) case of a mechanically-based approach to non-local elasticity theory, recently proposed by the authors in a one-dimensional (1D) case. The proposed model assumes that the equilibrium of a volume element is attained by contact forces between adjacent elements and by long-range forces exerted by non-adjacent elements. Specifically, the long-range forces are modelled as central body forces depending on the relative displacement between the centroids of the volume elements, measured along the line connecting the centroids. Further, the long-range forces are assumed to be proportional to a proper, material-dependent, distance-decaying function and to the products of the interacting volumes. Consistently with the modelling of the long-range forces as central body forces, the static boundary conditions enforced on the free surface of the solid involve only local stress due to contact forces. The proposed 3D formulation is developed both in a mechanical and in a variational context. For this the elastic energy functionals of the solid with long-range interactions are introduced, based on the principle of virtual work to set the proper correspondence between the mechanical and the kinematic variables of the model. Numerical applications are reported for 2D solids under plane stress condition

The finite element method for the mechanically-based model of non-local continuum

In this paper the finite element method (FEM) for the mechanically based non-local elastic continuum model is proposed. In such a model each volume element of the domain is considered mutually interacting with the others, beside classical interactions involved by the Cauchy stress field, by means of central body forces that are monotonically decreasing with their inter-distance and proportional to the product of the interacting volume elements. The constitutive relations of the long-range interactions involve the product of the relative displacement of the centroids of volume elements by a proper, distance-decaying function, which accounts for the decrement of the long-range interactions as long as distance increases. In this study, the elastic problem involving long-range central interactions for isotropic elastic continuum will be solved with the aid of the FEM. The accuracy of the solution obtained with the proposed FEM code is compared with other solutions obtained with Galerkins' approximation as well as with finite difference method. Moreover, a parametric study regarding the effect of the material length scale in the mechanically based model and in the Kr"oner-Eringen non-local elasticity has been investigated for a plane elasticity proble

Stationary and non-stationary stochastic response of linear fractional viscoelastic systems

A method is presented to compute the stochastic response of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structural systems with fractional derivative damping, subjected to stationary and non-stationary inputs. Based on a few manipulations involving an appropriate change of variable and a discretization of the fractional derivative operator, the equation of motion is reverted to a set of coupled linear equations involving additional degrees of freedom, the number of which depends on the discretization of the fractional derivative operator. As a result of the proposed variable transformation and discretization, the stochastic analysis becomes very straightforward and simple since, based on standard rules of stochastic calculus, it is possible to handle a system featuring Markov response processes of first order and not of infinite order like the original one. Specifically, for inputs of most relevant engineering interest, it is seen that the response second-order statistics can be readily obtained in a closed form, to be implemented in any symbolic package. The method applies for fractional damping of arbitrary order α (0 ≤ α ≤ 1). The results are compared to Monte Carlo simulation data

Non-local stiffness and damping models for shear-deformable beams

This paper presents the dynamics of a non-local Timoshenko beam. The key assumption involves modeling non-local effects as long-range volume forces and moments mutually exerted by non-adjacent beam segments, that contribute to the equilibrium of any beam segment along with the classical local stress resultants. Elastic and viscous long-range volume forces/moments are endowed in the model. They are built as linearly depending on the product of the volumes of the interacting beam segments and on generalized measures of their relative motion, based on the pure deformation modes of the beam. Attenuation functions governing the space decay of the non-local effects are introduced. Numerical results are presented for a variety of non-local parameter

Reconstructing Late Quaternary Paleovalley Systems of Italy Through mHVSR: A Tool for Seismic Hazard Assessment in Modern Coastal Lowlands

Effective site characterization in highly urbanized coastal lowlands requires accurate stratigraphic and geophysical investigations. In these regions, which typically host shallowly buried paleovalley systems formed in response to Quaternary glacio-eustatic fluctuations, the marked lithologic contrast between soft sediment paleovalley fills and the adjacent, stiff substrate has the potential to modify earthquake motions, and assessment of critical parameters, such as shear wave velocities (VS) and resonance frequencies (f), should be coupled with detailed stratigraphic architecture. To evaluate the potential of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (mHVSR) for paleovalley recognition and mapping, we performed mHVSR measurements along the Adriatic coastal plain of Italy, where two paleovalley systems (Pescara and Manfredonia) have been recently identified. In both areas, we detected rapid lateral variations in resonance frequencies and highlighted laterally continuous impedance contrasts. Relying on a robust stratigraphic framework, we carefully evaluated the relation between geological and geophysical data and identified the stratigraphic surfaces responsible for the observed resonances. We derived VS models for the sediment fill, reconstructing the geometry of the two buried paleovalleys. We address the importance of evaluating the geological context when designing microzonation studies, for a reliable interpretation of changes in resonance frequencies.When earthquakes occur, buildings shake differently based on several factors, including seismic wave velocity, natural resonance frequencies, and local geological characteristics. Beneath modern coastal lowlands, the presence of paleovalley systems can significantly modify the ground motion. Identification of these buried bodies is therefore essential to assess and reduce seismic hazard. Paleovalleys are shallow incisions formed under periods of fluvial erosion in response to Quaternary climate fluctuations, and subsequently filled with very soft clay. These bodies are found worldwide, and do not have any geomorphological evidence, making their recognition challenging. Geologists typically use expensive sediment core analysis to identify paleovalleys, but this method can only provide spotty information. Geophysical exploration techniques that rely on microtremors (small vibrations on the Earth) can complement mapping of these buried bodies. In this work, we tested this technique in Pescara and Mafredonia (Adriatic coastal plain, Italy), providing dense information about paleovalley geometries and geophysical parameters crucial for predicting how the ground will shake during an earthquake. This study also highlights the importance of integrating disciplines to improve our understanding of subsoil and to design future studies to mitigate seismic hazards.Paleovalley fills are key sediment bodies made up of soft clay, tens of m thick and few km wide, buried beneath coastal lowlands worldwideMicrotremor-based paleovalley profiles and stratigraphic cross-sections exhibit strong similarityMicrotremor can provide shear wave velocities and resonance frequencies of paleovalleys, key parameters for seismic hazard mitigatio

Aqueye+: a new ultrafast single photon counter for optical high time resolution astrophysics

Aqueye+ is a new ultrafast optical single photon counter, based on single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPAD) and a 4-fold split-pupil concept. It is a completely revisited version of its predecessor, Aqueye, successfully mounted at the 182 cm Copernicus telescope in Asiago. Here we will present the new technological features implemented on Aqueye+, namely a state of the art timing system, a dedicated and optimized optical train, a high sensitivity and high frame rate field camera and remote control, which will give Aqueye plus much superior performances with respect to its predecessor, unparalleled by any other existing fast photometer. The instrument will host also an optical vorticity module to achieve high performance astronomical coronography and a real time acquisition of atmospheric seeing unit. The present paper describes the instrument and its first performances.Comment: Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 9504, id. 95040C 14 pp. (2015

Association of a homozygous GCK missense mutation with mild diabetes

Background: Homozygous inactivating GCK mutations have been repeatedly reported to cause severe hyperglycemia, presenting as permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Conversely, only two cases of GCK homozygous mutations causing mild hyperglycemia have been so far described. We here report a novel GCK mutation (c.1116G>C, p.E372D), in a family with one homozygous member showing mild hyperglycemia. Methods: GCK mutational screening was carried out by Sanger sequencing. Computational analyses to investigate pathogenicity and molecular dynamics (MD) were performed for GCK-E372D and for previously described homozygous mutations associated with mild (n = 2) or severe (n = 1) hyperglycemia, used as references. Results: Of four mildly hyperglycemic family-members, three were heterozygous and one, diagnosed in the adulthood, was homozygous for GCK-E372D. Two nondiabetic family members carried no mutations. Fasting glucose (p = 0.016) and HbA1c (p = 0.035) correlated with the number of mutated alleles (0–2). In-silico predicted pathogenicity was not correlated with the four mutations’ severity. At MD, GCK-E372D conferred protein structure flexibility intermediate between mild and severe GCK mutations. Conclusions: We present the third case of homozygous GCK mutations associated with mild hyperglycemia, rather than PNDM. Our in-silico analyses support previous evidences suggesting that protein stability plays a role in determining clinical severity of GCK mutations