THE ROLE OF PRACTICES IN INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE THE EVOLUTION OF DOCTORAL PROGRAMS IN FRANCE 1990 – 2008

Whether based on the figure of institutional entrepreneur or the dynamic of social movements, models of institutional change have yet to solve the paradox of embedded agency. Studying institutional change from the angle of practices allows introducing a channel by which seeds of change enter the field without modifying logics at first. Political entrepreneurship or grassroots initiative will play a critical role in institutional change as long as they can rely on existing practices. Evolution of conditions to perform day to day activities introduces new problems; solutions trigger the development of new activities. Routinization of new activities leads the emergence of new practices. Non-adoption of practices hinders institutional change. Practices thus inspire, support and limit institutional change. Basing our observations from a case study of the French Doctorate defined as an institution, shifting from research and study to professionalizing diploma, we build a process model of institutional change integrating the dynamic of practices.

THE ROLE OF PRACTICES IN INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE THE EVOLUTION OF DOCTORAL PROGRAMS IN FRANCE 1990 – 2008

Working paper serie RMT (WPS 10-08) , 38 pWhether based on the figure of institutional entrepreneur or the dynamic of social movements, models of institutional change have yet to solve the paradox of embedded agency. Studying institutional change from the angle of practices allows introducing a channel by which seeds of change enter the field without modifying logics at first. Political entrepreneurship or grassroots initiative will play a critical role in institutional change as long as they can rely on existing practices. Evolution of conditions to perform day to day activities introduces new problems; solutions trigger the development of new activities. Routinization of new activities leads the emergence of new practices. Non-adoption of practices hinders institutional change. Practices thus inspire, support and limit institutional change. Basing our observations from a case study of the French Doctorate defined as an institution, shifting from research and study to professionalizing diploma, we build a process model of institutional change integrating the dynamic of practices

Strategy implementation in the transnational MNC : A critical realist investigation of European and Indian unit collaboration

Inter-unit collaboration in transnational multinational corporations (MNCs) is central to unlocking MNCs' competitive advantage. We find that managing multilevel interaction of macro-level (social structures within and outside the MNC) and micro-level (individual interpretations and behaviors) factors ensures the implementation of strategic goals regarding inter-unit collaboration. In a case study of Finnish, Russian, and Indian unit collaboration in one European-origin transnational MNC, we observe that individual ascriptions of social identity to Indian colleagues (micro-level factor) affect the MNC's strategy implementation (SI) process and outcomes (macro-level factors). Building on the latter observations, critical realist theory of identity, and the idiosyncratic Indian context, we develop the currently inadequate multilevel theorization on the SI process in the MNC and expand perspectives on social identity in International Business literature. For MNC managers from Western countries, the paper offers insights into factors that should be considered to succeed in strategic and operational inter-unit collaboration with India.© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

3.9 GHz superconducting accelerating 9-cell cavity vertical test results

The 3rd harmonic 3.9GHz accelerating cavity was proposed to improve the beam performance of the FLASH (TTF/DESY) facility [1]. In the frame of a collaborative agreement, Fermilab will provide DESY with a cryomodule containing a string of four cavities. In addition, a second cryomodule with one cavity will be fabricated for installation in the Fermilab photo-injector, which will be upgraded for the ILC accelerator test facility. The first 9-cell Nb cavities were tested in a vertical setup and they didn't reach the designed accelerating gradient [2]. The main problem was a multipactor in the HOM couplers, which lead to overheating and quenching of the HOM couplers. New HOM couplers with improved design are integrated in the next 9-cell cavities. In this paper we present all results of the vertical tests

Parallel processing of manipulator dynamics incorporating frictional effects

Real-time computation of the inverse dynamics of robotic manipulators is required for ensuring robust control. This thesis presents a modified Newton-Euler algorithm which makes use of symbolic programming for improved computational efficiency. A scheme for modeling the frictional effects at the joints as well as the transmissions for robotic mechanisms is outlined with an illustrative case-study for the PUMA-560 manipulator. The algorithm is parallelized using a Task Streamlining Approach' - a systematic mapping scheme using layered task graphs to create the list schedule and a simplified bin-packing heuristic algorithm to schedule the computations on a multiprocessor. The resulting computational load for dynamic torques without friction, is only 12n+9 arithmetic operations, where n is the number of links in the manipulator, indicating a promise for application to precision robot control employing a high sampling rate

Digital Entrepreneurs' Strategic Responses to the Incomplete Global Policy Framework for Blockchain-Based Business

Adopting blockchain is a strategic priority of many companies worldwide. However, utilization of this technology remains hindered by the diversity of policy responses and lack of a global policy framework. We investigated blockchain-based entrepreneurs in North America, Europe, and Asia and analyzed 12 reputable cases in the industry to discover how they implemented their strategies. We provide an overview of the global policy framework for blockchain-based businesses and identify four tactics that can be adopted by digital pioneers to thrive within the formal and informal institutional voids (IV). We contribute to the international business literature by exploring IV as a multilevel opportunity and by deepening the understanding of IV outside traditionally considered geographical boundaries.©2022 Routledge. This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in Digital Entrepreneurship and the Global Economy on 16 December 2022, available online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003194798fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Host-country environment and subsidiary competence: Extending the diamond network model

We extend the “centers of excellence” concept to address the diversity and multidimensionality of subsidiary competence. Using Rugman and Verbeke's diamond network model, we hypothesize the contingencies influencing the links between host-country environments and subsidiary competence configuration, and provide evidence from more than 2000 subsidiaries in seven European countries. Our results provide new insights into how multinational enterprises can overcome “unbalanced” national diamonds by acquiring complementary capabilities across borders

Depth vs. Breadth: Network Strategy in Emerging Markets

Using survey data from China and India, we explore the impact of network strategy of new ventures in emerging markets. We focus on two critical dimensions of network strategy, namely, broadening and deepening the network and two types of knowledge: market knowledge and technological knowledge. We find that proactive network deepening is associated with market knowledge and network broadening with technological knowledge. From a network perspective, our work highlights the counterintuitive outcomes of breadth versus depth orientation in network strategy, highlighting differences between advanced and emerging economies. We use a post-hoc multi-group analysis to show the differences even within the two emerging markets: India and China. The direct effect of partnering proactiveness on market knowledge in India is significantly higher than that in China but there is no significant difference as to the effect of technological knowledge. We use this exploratory study to highlight the opportunities for network and entrepreneurship scholars to study emerging markets and, in particular, undertake comparative studies between new ventures in China and India