Effect of Red Cabbage Extract on Minced Nile Perch Fish Patties Vacuum Packaged in High and Low Oxygen Barrier Films

Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fish causes loss of product quality. Oxidative rancidity causes loss of nutritional value and undesirable color changes. Therefore, powerful antioxidant extracts may provide a relatively low cost and natural means to reduce oxidation, resulting in longer, higher quality and higher value shelf life of foods. In this study, we measured synergistic effects of red cabbage antioxidant and vacuum packaging on lipid oxidation in fresh tilapia patties using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, peroxide value (PV), pH and color analysis. Concentrated red cabbage extract was obtained using an efficient freeze/thawed method developed in our laboratory (citation). Fresh tilapia patties were prepared with solutions containing 68 ppm of extract concentrate for each 50 gr of fish patties. Samples were stored for 15 days at refrigeration conditions (4±1°C) and analyzed interval between two days for pH, color analysis, and lipid oxidation assessments. Results show that treated and vacuum packaged samples had lower oxidation levels than controls. Lipid peroxide values on treated samples showed benefits through day 12. This work shows that synergistic effect of red cabbage antioxidant extracts and vacuum packaging may represent an inexpensive and natural method for retarding oxidative spoilage of fresh fish

Biosynthesis of Red Cabbage Extract Directed Ag NPS and Their Effect on the Loss of Antioxidant Activity

Plant extracts contain sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds that have been used as a reducing and stabilizing agents for biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Some studies suggest that plant extracts incorporating directed NPs, such as Ag, enhanced antioxidant activity, this study suggests the opposite. Red cabbage extract with silver NPs (Ag NPs) was prepared to study and how silver ions (Ag+) and Ag NPs influence antioxidant activity of red cabbage anthocyanin. Synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by UV-vis spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). We studied Ag NPs formation as a function of Ag+ and anthocyanin concentrations. Results show that Ag+ and Ag NPs decreased antioxidant activity of anthocyanin towards DPPH. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Turkey

Demirbas, Yasin/0000-0002-3264-3444WOS: 000351412600013C- and Ag-NOR banding of the least weasel, Mustela nivalis, from the central and Mediterranean regions of Turkey was examined for the first time in this study. The chromosome set was composed of 18 biarmed and three acrocentric autosome pairs. The X chromosome was a medium-sized submetacentric, while the Y was a small metacentric. A distinct secondary constriction was observed on the juxta centromeric region of the long arm of an autosome that was negatively C-banded. Large heterochromatic C-blocks, stained densely, were detected in six biarmed pairs, while ones stained faintly were recorded in four biarmed autosome pairs. Active NORs were located in the secondary constriction of the acrocentric autosome. The numbers of C-banded autosomes of Turkish specimens were similar to those reported previously from the Palearctic region

One step preparation of stable gold nanoparticle using red cabbage extracts under UV light and its catalytic activity

Herein, we have reported the synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of highly stable gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using red cabbage extract (RCE) under UV irradiation. The anthocyanin groups predominantly existing in RCE play an essential role for biosynthesis of stable Au NPs. The reasons for using anthocyanins: 1) they act as chelating agents for preferentially reacting with gold ions (Au3+) to form Au3+- anthocyanin complexes, 2) as light-active reductants for reduction of Au3+ to zero valent Au-0 under UV irradiation and 3) as stabilizing agent for preventing Au NPs from aggregation in high salt concentration owing to their unique salt tolerance property. We also demonstrate that how reaction time, concentration of RCE, pH value of reaction solutions and using one more reducing agent affected formation of the Au NPs. The stability of RCE Au NPs was comparatively studied with commercial (citrate stabilized) Au NPs against 100 mM salt (NaCl) solution. The RCE-Au NP showed reduction ability for conversion of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). UV-vis spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DIS) and zeta potential (ZT) methods were utilized to characterize the Au NPs. We demonstrated that how whole RCE (anthocyanins molecules are major component) can be used as photo-active reducing and stabilizing agents to form Au NPs in a short time under UV irradiation and strong reducing agent without additional agents

Preparation of biocompatible and stable iron oxide nanoparticles using anthocyanin integrated hydrothermal method and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

Recently, biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plants extract have been received considerable attention owing to production of biocompatible and water-soluble NPs. In addition to that, low cost, freely availability, generally less toxicity and stability properties of plant extracts have made them heavily use in synthesis of various types of NPs. In synthesis strategy, some components in plant extract act as reducing and/or even capping agents for formation and stabilizing of NPs. In this current study, we report the biosynthesis of stable iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs using anthocyanin rich-red cabbage extract (RCE) (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) with their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The potential mechanism for synthesis of the Fe3O4 NPs is as considered: i) occurrence of iron ions (Fe2+)?anthocyanin complexes, ii) oxidation of hydroxyls on the aromatic groups of anthocyanins, ii) reduction of Fe2+ and iv) formation of the Fe3O4 NPs. We demonstrated that the Fe3O4 NPs showed greater stability with enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The magnetic feature of the Fe3O4 NPs provided two benefits. Firstly, the Fe3O4 NPs were collected from reaction media without centrifugation using an external magnet and secondly, the magnetic feature also allows us for repeated use of the Fe3O4 NPs in antioxidant applications

Green synthesis with incorporated hydrothermal approaches for silver nanoparticles formation and enhanced antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens

In this study, we report, for the first time, the combination of green and hydrothermal syntheis approaches for biosynthesis of red cabbage extract directed spherical Ag NPs with high yield and monodispersity. The Ag NPs have a very narrow size distribution and enhanced inhibitory properties against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +), Escherichia coli (Gram) and Candida albicans. We investigate how experimental parameters influence Ag NPs formation and their inhibitory properties. Integration of hydrothermal approach to the green synthesis made the Ag NP more stable and retarded aggregation for several weeks, which is a significant finding as plant extract-directed Ag NPs are intrinsically unstable and tend to aggregate. The Ag NPs even at low concentration (9.37 ppm) exhibit effective inhibition property for all target pathogens. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Investigation of ellagic acid rich-berry extracts directed silver nanoparticles synthesis and their antimicrobial properties with potential mechanisms towards Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans

The essential goals of this present study are to elucidate the formation mechanism of ellagic acid rich-blackberry, BBE, (Rubus fruticosus L.) and raspberry, RBE, (Rubus idaeus L.) extracts directed silver nanoparticles and to investigate thier antimicrobial properties towards model dental pathogens E. faecalis and C. albicans compared to BBE, RBE, NaOCl, CHX and EDTA. Both %5 w/w of BBE and RBE reacted with 5 mM Ag+ ions at room temperature (25 degrees C) under mild-stirring, the formation of BBE and RBE directed b@Ag NP and r@Ag NP was monitored over time by using an Uv-vis spectrophotometer. Both b@Ag and r@Ag NPs were also complementarily characterized with SEM and FT-IR. In terms of the antimicrobial studies, b@Ag NP, r@Ag NP, %5 BBE and RBE, 5 mM AgNO3, %5 NaOCl, %1,5 CHX and %15 EDTA were separately incubated with E. faecalis and C. albicans suspensions. The results were evaluated with student t-test using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 statistical software (P < 0.05). While formation of b@Ag NP was confirmed with characteristic absorbance at similar to 435 nm in 20 mM (min) of incubation, r@Ag NP did not give absorbance till 80 mM owing to concentration of ellagic acid acted as a reducing and stabilizng agent for formation of the Ag NPs. Intrestingly, 50 ppm r@Ag NP inactivated similar to 89% and similar to 99% of E. faecalis and C. albicans cell, respectively, similar to 25% and similar to 40% cell inactivations for E. faecalis and C. albicans were observed respectively with 50 ppm b@Ag NP. We showed that 50 ppm r@Ag NP has effective antimicrobial property as much as mostly used %5 NaOCl and %1,5 CHX solutions

Synthesis of Long-Term Stable Gold Nanoparticles Benefiting from Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), and Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) Extracts-Gold Ion Complexation and Investigation of Reaction Conditions

DEMIRBAS, AYSE/0000-0002-7629-3263; Ocsoy, Ismail/0000-0002-5991-3934; Gokturk, ersen/0000-0001-6742-2847WOS: 000496814700018PubMed: 31737823We report synthesis of monodispersed, stable, and colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using anthocyanin-riched red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) extracts as functions of concentration of HAuCl4 center dot 3H(2)O and berries extract, reaction time, and reaction pH values (pHs) and demonstrate their unique stability in highly concentrated salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) solutions. the catecholamine group of anthocyanin molecules give preferential coordination reaction with gold ions (Au3+) for creating anthocyanin-Au3+ complexes, which may lead to initiation of nucleation for seed formation, and then, oxidation of catecholamine results in a flow of electrons from anthocyanins to Au seeds for anisotropic growth. Finally, the surface of the Au NPs is saturated with anthocyanins, and formation of monodispersed and stable Au NPs with narrow size distribution is completed. We also report the effects of some experimental parameters including concentrations of Au3+ ions and barrier extracts, reaction time, and pHs on formation of the Au NPs with rational explanations. the long-term colloidal stability of the Au NPs in the 400 mM NaCl solution was comparatively studied with commercial Au NPs (citrate capped). As results show that anthocyanin-riched berry extracts directed Au NPs we proposed here can be considered as promising and safe tools for biomedical applications owing to their highly much colloidal dispersibility and salt tolerance properties.Erciyes University Scientific Research OfficeErciyes University [FCD-2018-8242]We thank Berkay Saraymen of the Erciyes University Nanotechnology Research Center for assistance with DLS and Zeta measurements. This work was supported by grants from the Erciyes University Scientific Research Office (FCD-2018-8242)