The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common disease worldwide. At any point in time 2.7 million people have a history of UBC. The incidence of UBC varies over the world with highest rates in developed communities. But the burden of UBC will increase in less developed areas of the world. These changes can be attributed to global changes in exposure to risk factors for UBC and growth and aging of the world population

New cupedid beetles from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and the palaeogeography of the family

Thirteen new species of the family Cupedidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from Las Hoyas (Cuenca province) and El Montsec (Lleida province) fossil sites from the Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Spain are described. Ten of them belong to subfamily Ommatinae: Tetraphalerus ponomarenkoi, Tetraphalerus penalveri, Cionocoleus longicapitis, Brochocoleus indibili, Zygadenia viridis, Zygadenia oculata, Zygadenia martinclosas, Zygadenia longicoxa, and Zygadenia siniestri. Three of them are assigned to subfamily Cupedinae: Priacma sanzii, Anaglyphites zherikhini, and Anaglyphites pluricavus. Placement of genus Cionocoleus among subfamily Ommatinae is proposed. These new species extend the record of genera Zygadenia, Cionocoleus, Brochocoleus, Priacma, and Anaglyphites to the western part of Barremian European deposits. Nowadays the family Cupedidae is considered to be a relic group, restricted to few genera and species on Asia, Africa, Australia, and America, with limited geographical distribution, while during the Mesozoic the cupedids were distributed all over Laurasia. The Mesozoic cupedid−bearing localities are mostly interpreted as warm temperate to subtropical environments

Friederiksholms kanal

Copenhagen, Denmar

A new family of ceraphronoid wasps from Early Cretaceous Alava Amber, Spain

Radiophronidae, a new ceraphronoid fossil family including two new genera and species, is described here from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) amber from the Basque Cantabrian Basin (Spain). Radiophron ibericus gen. et sp. nov. and Microcostaphron parvus gen. et sp. nov. are described from eight and one specimens respectively. The new fossils show some similarities with the extinct family Stigmaphronidae but are distinguished from it and the extant ceraphronoids mainly by the presence of not fused radial and costal veins, among other characteristics. A first cladistic analysis retrieves Radiophronidae as the basal sister−group to all other ceraphronoids (Ceraphronidae, Megaspilidae, and Stigmaphronidae)

Evolutionary and paleobiological implications of Coleoptera (Insecta) from Tethyan-influenced Cretaceous ambers

The intense study of coleopteran inclusions from Spanish (Albian in age) and French (Albian-Santonian in age) Cretaceous ambers, both of Laurasian origin, has revealed that the majority of samples belong to the Polyphaga suborder and, in contrast to the case of the compression fossils, only one family of Archostemata, one of Adephaga, and no Myxophaga suborders are represented. A total of 30 families from Spain and 16 families from France have been identified (with almost twice bioinclusions identified in Spain than in France); 13 of these families have their most ancient representatives within these ambers. A similar study had previously only been performed on Lebanese ambers (Barremian in age and Gondwanan in origin), recording 36 coleopteran families. Few lists of taxa were available for Myanmar (Burmese) amber (early Cenomanian in age and Laurasian in origin). Coleopteran families found in Cretaceous ambers share with their modern relatives mainly saproxylic and detritivorous habits in the larval or adult stages, rather than wood-boring behavior. Fifteen of the coleopteran families occur in both the Lebanese and Spanish ambers; while only five are present in both Spanish and French. Considering the paleogeographic proximity and similarity of age of the Spanish and French ambers, the small number of taxa found in common at both areas is surprising. The ancient origin for the Lebanese and Spanish ambers, the paleogeography (including some barriers for terrestrial biota) and the local paleohabitats are factors that may explain the dissimilarity with the French specimens. Wildfires are believed to be a more likely cause of resin production during the Cretaceous than infestation by beetles. Current knowledge of the beetle species found in the Cretaceous ambers is introduced

The biotic “Lacustrine Mesozoic Revolution”. New data from the Barremian of Iberia

Key evolutionary events in the Mesozoic evolution of lacustrine systems include (1) a worldwide expansion of wetlands, (2) diversification of aquatic macrophytes and (3) diversification of aquatic insects. These events were considered a "Mesozoic Lacustrine Revolution" by Cohen (2003) and were dated as "Middle Mesozoic". New data from the Barremian of Spain precise tempos and taxa involved in such "Revolution". (a) Aquatic Macrophytes were dominated by charophytes during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. A significant diversification occurred worldwide with the substitution of Triassic and Mid Jurassic porocharacean-dominated floras by characean- and clavatoracean floras, the latter being diverse only in the Tethyan realm. In the Iberian Plate these floras became enriched with the first aquatic angiosperms, starting from the Early Barremian. Aquatic angiosperms include very abundant Montsechia vidali bearing Spermatites seeds, and less-abundant "Ranunculus" ferreri. Other taxa, like the floating Proteaephyllum reniforme and the hydrophytic lycophytes Thomsonia sp., were very rare. These aquatic plants appear to be limited to permanent oligotrophic lakeshores. (b) The dominant families of aquatic insects were not the same in the Early Cretaceous as in the Jurassic. Ephemeropterans, aquatic heteropterans, dipterans and coleopterans were common and diverse in the Early Cretaceous. In comparison with the Jurassic, practically no extinction occurred at the family level, but some recent families appeared, which are unknown or rare from older deposits (i.e. mayfly Euthyplocidae, Potamantidae; beetle Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophyllidae). Other families have their last representatives (beetles Coptoclavidae and Schizophoridae). In odonatans modern anisopteran lineages radiated, whereas some groups such as "anisozygopterans" decreased. During the latest Early Cretaceous a large-scale extinction occurred, mainly of lentic insects. In the Late Cretaceous only the running waters supported rich insect faunas, and aquatic taxa evolved in lotic environments

A revision of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous dragonfly family Tarsophlebiidae, with a discussion on the phylogenetic positions of the Tarsophlebiidae and Sieblosiidae (Insecta, Odonatoptera, Panodonata)

The Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous dragonfly family Tarsophlebiidae is revised. The type species of the type genus Tarsophlebia Hagen, 1866, T eximia (Hagen, 1862) from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestones, is redescribed, including important new information on its head, legs, wings, anal appendages and male secondary genital apparatus. The type specimen of Tarsophlebiopsis mayi Tillyard, 1923 is regarded as an aberrant or unusually preserved Tarsophlebia eximia. One new species of Tarsophlebia and three new species of Turanophlebia are described, i.e. Tarsophlebia minor n. sp., Turanophlebia anglicana n. sp., T mongolica n. sp., and T. vitimensis n. sp. A new combination is proposed for Turanophlebia neckini (Martynov, 1927) n. comb. The phylogenetic relationships of the Mesozoic Tarsophlebiidae are discussed on the basis of new body and wing venation characters. The present analysis supports a rather derived position for the Tarsophlebiidae, as sister group of the the Epiproctophora rather than of (Zygoptera + Epiproctophora). Also, through the present discussion, the Oligo-Miocene family Sieblosiidae seems to be more closely related to the Epiproctophora than to the Zygoptera. But the present study and previous analyses suffer of the lack of informations concerning the more inclusive groups of Odonatoptera, viz. Protozygoptera, Triadophlebiomorpha, Protanisoptera, etc. The significance of the tarsophlebiid secondary male genital apparatus for the reconstruction of the evolution of odonate copulation is discussed