Examining deliberative interactions for socially shared regulation in collaborative learning

Abstract. Socially shared regulation in learning (SSRL) is essential for collaborative problem-solving and innovation that are required in today’s intricated and interconnected world. Recent advancements in learning analytics (LA) and artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promising potential for delivering a more comprehensive understanding of the temporal and cyclical processes of SSRL. It remains lacking, however, a validated standard for integrating theoretical constructs, methodological assumptions, and data structure in the field, which leads to a misalignment between the theoretical and technical aspects. This thus sparks a pressing need for interdisciplinary efforts to revise and devise theoretical and methodological frameworks that take these factors into consideration. In line with this call, the thesis presents a novel approach to applying AI to advance the field of SSRL. It comprises two empirical studies that employed AI-enabled techniques to (1) record and retain qualitative information from video data of group collaboration and (2) analyse their interaction. In particular, the studies examined the sequences of group-level interactions from the theoretical perspective of SSRL and a more micro-lens of deliberative negotiation. The theoretical framework of these studies is based on the recent conceptualisation of regulation triggering events as specific events (often negative incidents or obstacles) that stimulate regulatory responses and aid in locating them. The pattern of group interactions in response to different triggering events was then examined using processing mining and unsupervised AI machine learning clustering, agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The findings suggest that regulation triggering events prompt an immediate shift in group interaction responses, in which they engage in more metacognitive and socioemotional interaction. Two types of deliberation sequences were identified through AHC analysis, with differing regulation and collaboration practices: the plan and implementation approach (PIA) and the trials and failures approach (TFA). A key observation of this study is that the shift in group interaction sequence in response to the regulatory trigger is only temporary. The majority of groups soon revert to or maintain the initial type of deliberation sequence they developed at the beginning and do not adopt it in response to regulatory demands. Theoretically, the thesis makes contributions to understanding SSRL in collaborative learning, particularly the role played by regulation triggering events and deliberation processes in finding, capturing, and modelling SSRL traces. Methodologically, this thesis demonstrates a novel human-AI collaboration approach to examine regulatory responses to triggering events through group-level deliberation to study SSRL in collaboration. Practically, the findings of this thesis suggest that educators, facilitators, and AIED tool designers need to evaluate the regulatory needs of learners and offer appropriate guidance and support in order to ensure effective collaboration

Radio and its listenership in the internet age: case studies of the Voice of Vietnam (VOV) and VOVNews.

After approximately 100 years of radio, it is inevitable that radio in Western countries not only survives but also develops, despite fierce competition with visual media. However, having competed with other media for more than 15 years, radio in Vietnam is experiencing a significant loss of audience (especially the youth, the well-educated, and the people in urban areas). It should be noted that due to a 30 year war and 20 years of embargo by the US and other Western countries, information about Western countries in general, and journalism in particular, was in short supply in Vietnam. For this reason, gaining experiences from radio's developments and its adaptability in Western countries - in order to apply these to Vietnamese radio - is an imperative need. However, at present, radio in Western countries has reached a significant turning-point, when a number of terminologies - which are used according to the radio's variants, including web radio, digital radio, and visual radio - have challenged the perceptions of radio which have been accepted for almost a century. The questions 'What is radio?', 'Is web radio 'radio'?' and 'Does web radio enhance radio development?' are contentious issues which have been discussed for some time without a conclusion. On the other hand, web radio has a significant impact on Vietnamese radio in the sense that it brings radio to the Internet community who are generally believed to be the young, well-educated and people in urban areas who listen to traditional radio the least. It is suggested that web radio is potential way to capture the neglected traditional radio listeners in Vietnam. From an historical point of view, this thesis will investigate the changes of radio in terms of technology, radio programming and ways of listening, in order to understand the development of radio from its inception to date. Moreover, radio will be placed in the context of the competition and interplay between mass media. This will be done in order to explore the contention that the existence and development of each medium depends not only on its own characteristics, but also on its ability to adjust itself to a new technological environment - as well as the ability to adapt methods and tools from other media to strengthen its position. It is contended that web radio is the product of the competitive and interactive environment in which it operates: and its characteristics can only be clarified with reference to those relationships between mass media systems. Having investigated the political, historical, sodo-economical and cultural contexts of radio and web radio in Vietnam, the thesis explores the ways in which modem radio theories and practices from Western countries can be applied to Vietnamese radio, and examines if web radio is a means to capture new audiences, particularly the groups who have neglected traditional radio. In order to achieve this aim, three major research methods will be applied: historical and secondary data; online and offline surveys and in-depth interviews of radio listeners, non-radio listeners, and web users about their habits of consuming media, the impact of the Internet on their habits, and their needs towards web radio also will be undertaken

EXTINCTION, PERSISTENCE AND GLOBAL STABILITY IN MODELS OF POPULATION GOWTH

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RECOVERY YIELD AND THE PURITY OF N-ACETYL GLUCOSAMINE FROM CHITIN HYDROLYSATE Dang

In this study, different ratio of ethanol to hydrolysates obtained by hydrolyzing chitin by chitinase as well as concentration of hydrolysates was investigated to find the optimal value. The result showed that the optimal ratio of absolute ethanol to hydrolysates was 9:1. The further increase of this ratio up to 11:1 resulted only in insignificant increase of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) recovery yield from 74.47 % to 75.39 % and NAG purity from 93.25 % to 93.44 %. Concentration of hydrolysate also affected the NAG recovery yield and NAG purity. The impurity of crystallization by cooling down the hydrolysates appeared only when hydrolysate was concentrated at a certain level. The mass of crystallization impurity was increased sharply from 0 to 0.082 mg/ml when hydrolysate’s concentration was increased significantly from 1 to 7.9 fold, then slightly from 0.082 to 0.093 mg/ml as its concentration further increased up to 15.7 fold. Higher concentration of hydrolysate resulted in lower recovery yield but purer product. According to HPLC analysis, 93.25 % of NAG purity with recovery yield 74.47% was obtained at optimal ethanol/hydrolysates ratio and optimal concentration of hydrolysate

Antioksidanter i Heritiera fomes : En medisinplante fra mangroveskogen i Bangladesh

Barken av medisinplanten Heritiera fomes fra mangroveskogen i Bangladesh har blitt studert med hensyn til innholdsstoffer med antioksidantaktivitet, både radikalscavengere og 15-LO hemmere. Primært EtOH-ekstraktet fra H. fomes bark ble ekstrahert med kloroform, etylacetat og butanol. Ekstrakter fra primært EtOH-ekstraktet ble videre separert ved kolonnekromatografi (Sephadex LH-20 og omvendtfase C18). De separerte og isolerte forbindelsene ble identifisert ved tynnsjiktkromatografi (TLC) og 1H-NMR- og 13C-NMR-spektroskopi. Proanthocyanidinenes start- og forlengerenhet ble bestemt ved syrekatalysert depolymerisering med floroglucinol. Radikalfangende og 15-LO hemming ble studert v.h.a. henholdsvis difenylpikrylhydrazyl (DPPH) og enzymet 15-lipoksygenase isolert fra soyabønner. Utvalgte ekstrakter og fraksjoner ble også testet for adenosin deaminase (ADA) hemmende aktivitet med ADA isolert fra kalvetarm. Fra EtOAc-ekstraktet ble det isolert epicatechin og fraksjoner med trimere og tetramere proanthocyanidiner. Ekstraktet inneholdt hovedsakelig epicatechin som start- og forlengerenhet, og små mengder catechin som forlengerenhet. Det ble isolert fraksjoner fra BuOH-ekstraktet med gjennomsnittlig polymeringsgrad fra 3 – 6. Proanthocyanidinene hadde også mest epicatechin som start- og forlengerenhet. Forholdet mellom catechin og epicatechin i fraksjonene var i gjennomsnitt 15:85. Det ble sannsynligvis også isolert metoksylerte proanthocyanidiner fra BuOH-ekstraktet. Radikalscavenging og 15-LO hemmende aktivitet til epicatechin og flere isolerte fraksjoner var høy og statistisk signifikant P ≤ 0.05. Fraksjon E7 fra EtOAc-ekstraktet viste høyest DPPH-scavenging. EC50-verdien til E7 lå på 5.5 ± 0.2 μg/ml. Epicatechin hadde EC50-verdi på 8.5 ± 0.6 μg/ml, og IC50-verdi for 15-LO hemming var 15 ± 1 μg/ml. E12 fra EtOAc-ekstraktet hadde sterkest 15-LO hemmende aktivitet. Med en IC50-verdi på 8.7 ± 0.5 μg/ml, var 15-LO hemmingen for E12 bedre enn for referansesubstansen quercetin. ADA hemmende aktivitet til de ekstrakter og fraksjoner som ble testet viste vesentlig lavere hemming enn quercetin

Developing Critical Capacities for the efficient use of Public Investments in Infrastructure to Support Trade and Economic Development in Vietnam

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Regional identity building without liberal Democracy: the case of the ASEAN Community

Here and there in the world, states have gathered to build regional communities of countries, such as the European Union and the ASEAN Community. These communities have changed or have the potential to change their regions’ politics, economy and society significantly, not to mention the far-reaching impacts they have made or have the potential to make outside their borders. This dissertation will try to develop a conceptual framework of regional identity of the people in a regional community of countries, which includes its conceptualization, as well as the reasons why and how it is built. Regional identity of the people, I argue, is the prerequisite for the existence of a regional community of people. Its defining essence is a shared identification of participating actors with the collectivity which is acknowledged by others. It originates from the expectation and/or belief of the inhabitants that by being a member, their individual needs, especially basic survival needs and shared values are better fulfilled and promoted, and the experience as well as interaction they have when participating in community building. The next focus is on the examination of regional identity building with and without liberal democracy. The findings show that among non-democracy, illiberal democracy and liberal democracy, the last is most suited to the building of a regional identity of the people. At most, non-democracy helps build a regional identity of the governing elite and that of the states, not a regional identity of the people which is, however, facilitated by liberal democracy. The next part of the dissertation is a case study of regional community building without liberal democracy. It examines the ASEAN Community, which consists of 10 countries that are governed by illiberal democratic and non-democratic states.Here and there in the world, states have gathered to build regional communities of countries, such as the European Union and the ASEAN Community. These communities have changed or have the potential to change their regions’ politics, economy and society significantly, not to mention the far-reaching impacts they have made or have the potential to make outside their borders. This dissertation will try to develop a conceptual framework of regional identity of the people in a regional community of countries, which includes its conceptualization, as well as the reasons why and how it is built. Regional identity of the people, I argue, is the prerequisite for the existence of a regional community of people. Its defining essence is a shared identification of participating actors with the collectivity which is acknowledged by others. It originates from the expectation and/or belief of the inhabitants that by being a member, their individual needs, especially basic survival needs and shared values are better fulfilled and promoted, and the experience as well as interaction they have when participating in community building. The next focus is on the examination of regional identity building with and without liberal democracy. The findings show that among non-democracy, illiberal democracy and liberal democracy, the last is most suited to the building of a regional identity of the people. At most, non-democracy helps build a regional identity of the governing elite and that of the states, not a regional identity of the people which is, however, facilitated by liberal democracy. The next part of the dissertation is a case study of regional community building without liberal democracy. It examines the ASEAN Community, which consists of 10 countries that are governed by illiberal democratic and non-democratic states.LUISS PhD Thesi