2,607 research outputs found
"Caring for Insiderness": Phenomenologically informed insights that can guide practice.
Understanding the ‘‘insider’’ perspective has been a pivotal strength of qualitative research. Further than this, within the more applied fields in which the human activity of ‘‘caring’’ takes place, such understanding of ‘‘what it is like’’ for people from within their lifeworlds has also been acknowledged as the foundational starting point in order for ‘‘care’’ to be caring. But we believe that more attention needs to be paid to this foundational generic phenomenon: what it means to understand the ‘‘insiderness’’ of another, but more importantly, how to act on this in caring ways. We call this human phenomenon ‘‘caring for insiderness.’’ Drawing on existing phenomenological studies of marginal caring situations at the limits of caring capability, and through a process of phenomenologically oriented reflection, we interrogated some existential themes implicit in these publications that could lead to deeper insights for both theoretical and applied purposes. The paper provides direction for practices of caring by highlighting some dangers as well as some remedies along this path
Deriving Telescope Mueller Matrices Using Daytime Sky Polarization Observations
Telescopes often modify the input polarization of a source so that the
measured circular or linear output state of the optical signal can be
signficantly different from the input. This mixing, or polarization
"cross-talk", is defined by the optical system Mueller matrix. We describe here
an efficient method for recovering the input polarization state of the light
and the full 4 x 4 Mueller matrix of the telescope with an accuracy of a few
percent without external masks or telescope hardware modification. Observations
of the bright, highly polarized daytime sky using the Haleakala 3.7m AEOS
telescope and a coude spectropolarimeter demonstrate the technique.Comment: Accepted for publication in PAS
Quenched crystal field disorder and magnetic liquid ground states in Tb2Sn2-xTixO7
Solid-solutions of the "soft" quantum spin ice pyrochlore magnets Tb2B2O7
with B=Ti and Sn display a novel magnetic ground state in the presence of
strong B-site disorder, characterized by a low susceptibility and strong spin
fluctuations to temperatures below 0.1 K. These materials have been studied
using ac-susceptibility and muSR techniques to very low temperatures, and
time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering techniques to 1.5 K. Remarkably,
neutron spectroscopy of the Tb3+ crystal field levels appropriate to at high
B-site mixing (0.5 < x < 1.5 in Tb2Sn2-xTixO7) reveal that the doublet ground
and first excited states present as continua in energy, while transitions to
singlet excited states at higher energies simply interpolate between those of
the end members of the solid solution. The resulting ground state suggests an
extreme version of a random-anisotropy magnet, with many local moments and
anisotropies, depending on the precise local configuration of the six B sites
neighboring each magnetic Tb3+ ion.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Magnetothermodynamics of the Ising Antiferromagnet Dy2Ge2O7
We report systematic low temperature measurements of the DC magnetization, AC
susceptibility, and heat capacity of dysprosium pyrogermanate (Dy2Ge2O7) single
crystal and powder samples. Our results confirm that Dy2Ge2O7 is an anisotropic
antiferromagnet. The isothermal field dependent magnetization and the
integrated magnetic entropy both indicate that the Dy3+ ions behave as
Ising-like spins, analogous to those in the pyrochlore spin ice materials. Both
single-spin and collective spin relaxation phenomena appear to lead to spin
freezing in this material, again in analogy to observations in the spin ice
materials, suggesting that such phenomena may be generic to a broader class of
magnetic materials.Comment: Phys. Rev. B, in press (2008
The mixed problem in L^p for some two-dimensional Lipschitz domains
We consider the mixed problem for the Laplace operator in a class of
Lipschitz graph domains in two dimensions with Lipschitz constant at most 1.
The boundary of the domain is decomposed into two disjoint sets D and N. We
suppose the Dirichlet data, f_D has one derivative in L^p(D) of the boundary
and the Neumann data is in L^p(N). We find conditions on the domain and the
sets D and N so that there is a p_0>1 so that for p in the interval (1,p_0), we
may find a unique solution to the mixed problem and the gradient of the
solution lies in L^p
Patient participation: A qualitative study of immigrant women and their experiences
Patient participation in healthcare is a neglected area of interest in the rather extensive amount of research on immigrant so-called Selma patients in Swedish health care as well as worldwide. The aim is to explore the phenomenon “patient participation” in the context of the Swedish health care from the perspective of immigrants non-fluent in Swedish. A phenomenological lifeworld approach was chosen. Data were collected from patients within a municipal home care setting in Sweden. Eight women agreed to participate. In seven interviews, an interpreter was necessary for the translation of the interview. Five authorized interpreters were used. Data were analysed in accordance to a descriptive phenomenological method for caring research. The analysis led to an essence of the phenomenon with three constituents, “to experience participation,” “to refrain from participation,” and “to be deprived of participation.” Patient participation from the perspective of immigrant women means that patients are involved and active in their own health and caring processes. For these women, it is particularly important to have the opportunity to express themselves. Patient participation presupposes professional caregivers who act in a way that increases the patients' opportunities to take part. A skilled interpreter is often necessary in order to enable the patient participation
Controlling domain patterns far from equilibrium
A high degree of control over the structure and dynamics of domain patterns
in nonequilibrium systems can be achieved by applying nonuniform external
fields near parity breaking front bifurcations. An external field with a linear
spatial profile stabilizes a propagating front at a fixed position or induces
oscillations with frequency that scales like the square root of the field
gradient. Nonmonotonic profiles produce a variety of patterns with controllable
wavelengths, domain sizes, and frequencies and phases of oscillations.Comment: Published version, 4 pages, RevTeX. More at
http://t7.lanl.gov/People/Aric
Like trainer, like bot? Inheritance of bias in algorithmic content moderation
The internet has become a central medium through which `networked publics'
express their opinions and engage in debate. Offensive comments and personal
attacks can inhibit participation in these spaces. Automated content moderation
aims to overcome this problem using machine learning classifiers trained on
large corpora of texts manually annotated for offence. While such systems could
help encourage more civil debate, they must navigate inherently normatively
contestable boundaries, and are subject to the idiosyncratic norms of the human
raters who provide the training data. An important objective for platforms
implementing such measures might be to ensure that they are not unduly biased
towards or against particular norms of offence. This paper provides some
exploratory methods by which the normative biases of algorithmic content
moderation systems can be measured, by way of a case study using an existing
dataset of comments labelled for offence. We train classifiers on comments
labelled by different demographic subsets (men and women) to understand how
differences in conceptions of offence between these groups might affect the
performance of the resulting models on various test sets. We conclude by
discussing some of the ethical choices facing the implementers of algorithmic
moderation systems, given various desired levels of diversity of viewpoints
amongst discussion participants.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 9th International Conference on Social
Informatics (SocInfo 2017), Oxford, UK, 13--15 September 2017 (forthcoming in
Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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