HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF COPERNICIACERIFERA MART.L.EAF POWDER EXTRACT IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Objective: This study characterizeesters from carnauba crude powder and evaluates its hypoglycemic effect on the treatment of diabetic animals. Methods: Groups of diabetic micewere induced by alloxan and treated with carnauba crude powder. Blood samples were collected to determine the glucose serum level. Results: The compound was identified and characterized as diester of the 4-methoxycinnamic acid (PCO-C) and presented hypoglycemic effect in the concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/kgbody weight (b.w. )The concentration 150 mg/kg b.w..o.f PCO-C presented the best effect on controlling glucose levels (p<0.05),when compared to the reference drug. Conclusion: The results indicate that the PCO-C is a promising therapeutic compound with hypoglycemic effect. This action can be justified by the presence of the diester of 4- methoxycinnamic acid

ANEMIA HEMOLÍTICA IMUNOMEDIADA ASSOCIADA À MICOPLASMOSE EM UM CÃO

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM) is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, where red blood cell destruction occurs or increases. It can be divided into primary, characterized by not having an underlying cause, and secondary, which can be caused by infectious agents, such as mycoplasmosis, neoplasms, drugs and transfusions. The objective of this work was to perform a clinical and laboratory analysis of a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia due to Mycoplasma spp. A five-months-old female Pit Bull dog was taken to the hospital presenting vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia. On physical examination, it was possible to observe the presence of ticks and icteric mucous membranes. In hematological exams, it was possible to show morphological changes in red blood cells that characterize immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and the presence of the parasite Mycoplasma spp. In the biochemical analyzes it was observed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. It can be concluded that the observation of Mycoplasma spp. in blood vessels associated with erythrocyte morphological changes are of relevant importance for the diagnosis of AHIM, thus assisting in the practice of a better method of therapy, contributing to the patient's prognosis.A anemia hemolítica imunomediada (AHIM) é uma reação de hipersensibilidade tipo II onde ocorre o aumento da destruição das hemácias. Ela pode ser dividida em primaria, caracterizada por não ter uma causa subjacente, e em secundária, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como a micoplasmose,neoplasias, medicamentos e transfusões. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise clínica e laboratorial de um cão com anemia hemolítica imunomediada decorrente da Mycoplasma spp. Uma cadela da raça Pit Bull, com 05 meses de idade, foi levada ao hospital apresentando vômitos, diarreia e anorexia. No exame físico, foi possível observar a presença de carrapatos e mucosas ictéricas. Nos exames hematológicos foi possível evidenciaras alterações morfológicas de hemácias que caracterizavam anemia hemolítica imunomediada e a presença do parasita Mycoplasma spp. Nas análises bioquímicas se observou níveis séricos aumentados de creatinina e uréia.Pode-se concluir que, a observação de Mycoplasmaspp.emesfregaços sanguíneos associada às alterações morfológicas eritrocitárias são de relevante importância para o diagnóstico de AHIM, auxiliando assim na instituição da melhor conduta terapêutica, contribuindo para o prognóstico do paciente

AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA E LABORATORIAL DA DERMATITE ATÓPICA CANINA

The canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory skin disease, chronic itchy that affects genetically predisposed individuals, being commonly associated with production of IgE antibodies. The aim of this study was to describe a case of CAD, evidencing its clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. A Wood lamp, skin deep scraping, skin imprint, fungal and bacterial culture, ear cytology, serological examination for canine visceral leishmaniasis (LVC) and allergen sensitivity test were performed. The animal presented a series of disseminated dermatological lesions accompanied by intense pruritus, where it is possible to observe presences of secondary infections by bacteria and yeasts fungi. Thus, it was decided to topical treatment with shampoo chlorhexidine base 2% associated with miconazole 2.5% and use moisturizer. For bilateral otitis, otologic solution of cyclopirox olamine 1% and glycyrrhizic acid 0.5% was prescribed. After negative response to the initial treatment, the oral use of prednisolone associated with hydroxyzine and soon after cyclosporine was introduced, and clinical control was performed. Although several therapeutic alternatives are available, cure is still not possible, and lesion control is the best treatment approach.A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma dermatopatia inflamatória, crônica e pruriginosa que afeta indivíduos geneticamente predispostos, sendo comumente associada à produção de anticorpos do tipo IgE. O presente relato objetivou descrever um caso de DAC, evidenciando seus sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e tratamento. Foram realizados teste com lâmpada de Wood, raspado profundo de pele, imprint cutâneo, cultura fúngica e bacteriana, citologia de ouvido, exame sorológico para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) e teste de sensibilidade a alérgenos. O paciente apresentava uma série de lesões dermatológicos disseminadas acompanhadas de prurido intenso, onde pode-se observar presenças de infecções secundárias por bactérias e leveduras fúngicas. Dessa forma, optou-se por tratamento tópico com shampoo a base de clorexidina 2% associado a miconazol 2,5% e uso de creme hidratante. Para otite bilateral, prescreveu-se solução otológica de ciclopirox olamina 1% e ácido glicirrízico 0,5%. Após resposta negativa ao tratamento inicial, introduziu-se o uso oral de prednisolona associado à hidroxizina e logo depois a ciclosporina, ocorrendo um controle do quadro. Embora várias alternativas terapêuticas estejam disponíveis, a cura ainda não é possível, sendo o controle do quadro lesional a melhor abordagem de tratamento

ABORDAGEM DIAGNÓSTICA DE MASTOCITOMA CUTÂNEO METASTÁTICO EM CANINO

Mast cell tumors are one of the most common skin neoplasms that affect dogs. The diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory aspects, with cytology and histopathology being the preferred methods. Therefore, this study aims to report the importance of the broad diagnostic approach of metastatic cutaneous mastocytoma in a castrated a female dog attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Ceará, with a neoformation in a member compatible with mast cell tumor. The patient’s staging was performed through laboratory tests of complete blood count, aspiration cytology of regional lymph nodes and bone marrow, which showed the presence of focus of metastasis, as well as the abdominal ultrasound examination, which showed changes in the liver parenchymas and right medial iliac lymphadenopathy. Given the suspicions, the patient was euthanized and the body was sent for necropsy and histopathological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumor, with metastasis in the liver, lung, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Thus, it can be is concluded that mast cell tumor is a neoplasm of multifactorial diagnosis, where hematological tests associated with cytology, histopathological, and imaging analyses are essential to establish the definitive diagnosis to determine a better therapeutic behavior and prognosis of canine patients.O mastocitoma é uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais comuns que acometem cães. O diagnóstico da doença é baseado em aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais, sendo a citologia e a histopatologia os métodos de eleição. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar a importância da ampla abordagem diagnóstica de mastocitoma cutâneo metastático em uma fêmea canina castrada, atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, com uma neoformação em membro compatível com mastocitoma. O estadiamento da paciente foi feito através de exames laboratoriais de hemograma completo, e citologia aspirativa de linfonodo regional e medula óssea, que evidenciaram a presença de focos de metástase; bem como do exame de ultrassom abdominal, que evidenciou alterações no parênquima hepático e linfoadenomegalia ilíaco medial direita. Diante das suspeitas, optou-se pela eutanasia da paciente, cujo corpo foi enviado para os exames de necropsia e histopatologia, os quais confirmaram o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo de alto grau, com metástase em fígado, pulmão, medula e linfonodos. Desta forma pode-se concluir que o mastocitoma cutâneo metastático é uma neoplasia de diagnóstico multifatorial, em que a realização de exames hematológicos associados às análises citológicas, histopatológicas e de imagem são indispensáveis para estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo para qu seja determinada uma melhor conduta terapêutica e prognóstico de pacientes caninos

RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIMICROBIANOS EM CALOPSITA JOVEM ACOMETIDA POR INFECÇÕES BACTERIANA E FÚNGICA

The breeding of exotic birds as pets has been growing worldwide, including in Brazil. Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) is an exotic bird belonging to the Psittaciform order. However, incorrect environmental stimuli, confinement, inadequate nutrition and incorrect use of antibiotics can cause stress in these birds, generating immunosuppression, predisposing them to opportunistic diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report the influence of uncontrolled use of antibiotics in triggering bacterial and fungal infections in cockatiel. A 3-month-old cockatiel was treated with apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, sneezing and ingluvial compaction. The bird was submitted to antibiotic therapy performed by the owner. Samples were collected for cytological and microbiological analysis. The cytology showed Gram-negative rods and Gram-positive diplococci, as well as yeast cells confirmed as Candida albicans. Hafnia alvei enterobacteria were also isolated in the bacterial culture of the bird's throat and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated in the organs from the autopsy. Inadequate management in association with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics are important factors that promote microbiota imbalance with consequent triggering of bacterial and fungal infections by agents with high antibiotic resistance, which can cause death in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).A criação de aves exóticas como animais de estimação vem crescendo em todo o mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Dentre as aves exóticas, pertencentes à ordem Psittaciforme incluem-se as calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus). Contudo, estímulos ambientais incorretos, confinamento, nutrição inadequada e uso incorreto de antibióticos podem ocasionar nessas aves quadros de estresse, gerando imunossupressão, predispondo-as a enfermidades oportunistas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a influência do uso descontrolado de antibióticos no desencadeamento de infecções bacteriana e fúngica em calopsita. Foi atendida uma calopsita, de 3 meses de idade, que apresentava apatia, penas eriçadas, diarreia, espirros e compactação ingluvial, a qual foi submetida a antibioticoterapia realizada pela proprietária por conta própria. Foram coletadas amostras para análises citológicas e microbiológicas. Na citologia foram observados bastonetes Gram-negativo e diplococos Gram-positivo, além de células leveduriformes, confirmadas como Candida albicans. Também foi isolada a enterobactéria Hafnia alvei na cultura bacteriana do papo da ave e nos órgãos da necropsia foram isolados Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Enterococcus faecalis. O manejo inadequado em associação com o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos constitui em importantes fatores que promovem o desequilíbrio de microbiota com consequente desencadeamento de infecções bacterianas e fúngicas, por agentes com alta resistência a antibióticos, as quais podem causar o óbito em calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus)

AVALIAÇÃO PARASITOLÓGICA DE FEZES DIARREICAS E NÃO DIARREICAS EM LEITÕES NA FASE PRÉ-INICIAL

Gastrointestinal nematodes can affect piglet performance, causing diarrhea in the nursery phase, one of the major challenges faced in production. Therefore, parasitological monitoring is essential for the diagnosis of the degree of animal infection in order to take the right curative and preventive measures. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the feces of piglets with and without diarrhea in the pre-initial phase and their relationship with the presence of parasite eggs. The collections were carried out in a commercial pig farm, in which 40 animals were randomly chosen and divided equally into two groups, with and without diarrhea. The samples were analyzed by direct stool examination and the flotation method. Of the analyzed samples, all were negative for the group without diarrhea. However, animals with diarrhea had a prevalence of 10% and 5% regarding the presence of gastrointestinal parasites at direct and flotation method, respectively. Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., Cystoisospora sp. and Eimeria spp. were detected. Given the multifactorial origin of diarrhea in piglets in the post-weaning period, it is concluded that piglet diarrhea in the pre-initial phase is not only related to the presence of endoparasites, therefore, other possible causes must be studied so that there is a greater control of disorders enteric at this stage.Os helmintos gastrintestinais podem afetar o desempenho dos leitões e causar diarreias na fase de creche, um dos grandes desafios enfrentados na produção. Logo, o acompanhamento parasitológico é fundamental para que seja realizado o diagnóstico do grau de infecção animal para se tomar as medidas curativas e preventivas corretas. Portanto objetivou-se analisar as fezes de leitões com e sem diarreia na fase pré-inicial e sua relação com a presença de ovos de parasitas. As coletas foram realizadas em uma granja comercial de suínos, em que 40 animais foram escolhidos aleatoriamente e divididos igualmente em dois grupos, com e sem diarreia. As amostras foram analisadas pelo exame de direto das fezes e pelo método de flutuação. Das amostras analisadas, todas mostraram-se negativas para o grupo sem diarreia. No entanto os animais com diarreia apresentaram prevalência de 10% e 5 % quanto à presença de parasitoses gastrintestinais nos métodos direto e de flutuação respectivamente. Foram detectados: Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., Cystoisosporasp. e Eimeria spp. Dada a origem multifatorial das diarreias em leitões no pós-desmame, conclui-se que as diarreias de leitões na fase pré-inicial não estão somente relacionadas à presença de endoparasitos, dessa forma, outras possíveis causas devem ser estudadas para que haja um maior controle dos distúrbios entéricos nesta fase

Avaliação microbiológica e parasitológica de alfaces minimamente processadas, comercializadas em supermercados da cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará

Minimally processed foods are those that undergo some type of processing that modifies its natural forms, becoming fit for consumption. Vegetables are one of the products to be minimally processed because of its high potential to transmit various infectious and parasitic diseases. Contamination can occur from cultivation to pre-consumer handling. Due to the high rate of contamination of vegetables, this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and parasitological contamination of minimally processed lettuce. Eight samples of minimally processed lettuces sold in four major supermarkets in Fortaleza in the period April 2012 were analyzed. For microbiological analysis were used the parameters established by RDC 12/2001 anViSa and for parasitological examination the spontaneous sedimentation method of Hoffman, Pons & Janer. All eight samples were within the quality control standards established by current legislation, however 50 % of the samples had intestinal parasites like Ascaris sp, Ancylostomo sp, Tricuris sp, Toxocara sp and fungi sp. This contamination can occur for cultivation in soil containing infected droppings or mishandling of the product. Therefore, we observe that the sanitary conditions of the lettuce sold in supermarkets in Fortaleza are not recommended for human consumption. Keywords: letucce, microbiological analysis, Fortaleza.Os alimentos minimamente processados são aqueles que passam por algum tipo de processamento que modifica sua forma natural, onde tornam-se próprios para o consumo. Entre os principais produtos a serem minimamente processados estão às hortaliças, pois o seu consumo constitui importante meio de transmissão de várias doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a contaminação microbiológica e parasitológica de alfaces minimamente processadas. Foram analisadas oito amostras de alfaces americanas minimamente processadas, comercializadas em quatro grandes supermercados de Fortaleza, no período de abril de 2012. Para análise microbiológica foram utilizados os parâmetros instituídos pela RDC 12/2001 da anViSa e para a análise parasitológica realizou-se o método de Sedimentação Espontânea de Hoffman, Pons & Janer. Das oito amostras analisadas todas apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente, porém, 50% das amostras apresentaram parasitos intestinais como Ascaris sp, Ancylostomo sp, Tricuris sp, Toxocara sp e fungos sp. Essa contaminação pode ocorrer por cultivo em solo contendo dejetos infectados ou por uma manipulação inadequada do produto. Dessa forma, verificamos que as condições higiênico-sanitárias das alfaces comercializadas em supermercados em Fortaleza não são recomendadas para o consumo humano

ACHADOS CITOLÓGICOS SUGESTIVOS DE ADENOMA MAMÁRIO EM PORQUINHO-DA-ÍNDIA

The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a small and docile rodent that is increasingly popularity as a pet. Therefore, their presence in specialized clinical care and the identification of new diseases, including neoplasms, is growing. Cytology, associated with other complementary tests, is one of the most frequently used tools in the diagnosis of neoplasms in veterinary medicine. A guinea pig was assisted at the Veterinary Hospital Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso (HVSBC) presenting a mammary nodule 5 months ago. In the cytology, the findings were suggestive of mammary adenoma. This report demonstrates the relevance of cytological diagnosis as a low-cost, low-invasiveness tool to presumptively identify a mammary adenoma in this species and thus contribute to a better clinical case management and appropriate treatment.O porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) é um roedor de temperamento dócil e de porte pequeno que está ganhando espaço como pet. Por isso, torna-se cada vez maior a sua presença em atendimento clínico especializado e a identificação de novas afecções, incluindo neoplasias. A citologia, associada a outros exames complementares, é uma das ferramentas mais frequentemente utilizadas no diagnóstico de neoplasias na medicina veterinária. Um porquinho-da-índia foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso (HVSBC) apresentando um nódulo mamário há 5 meses. Na citologia, os achados foram sugestivos de adenoma mamário. O relato demonstra a relevância do diagnóstico citológico como uma ferramenta de baixo custo e pouca invasividade para identificar presuntivamente um adenoma mamário nessa espécie e dessa forma contribuir para um melhor direcionamento do caso clínico e tratamento adequado

Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (O:6,8) in Broiler Chickens

Background: The third largest poultry flock in Northeast Brazil is located in Ceará State. Some pathogens are commonly disseminated in broiler chicken flocks, such as the bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Among these, some strains of Escherichia coli are frequently associated with different pathological manifestations in domestic animals, while bacteria from the genus Salmonella are considered the most frequent enteric pathogens reported causing foodborne infections in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza city, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples were collected from July-2014 to March-2015 in ten broiler chicken farms located in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza city, Brazil, with birds in pre-slaughter age. From each farm, 100 individual cloacal swabs were randomly collected from broilers independent of clinical status. Distinct methodologies were used in order to provide optimal isolation conditions for both the bacterial species. For Escherichia coli, the methodology consisted in enrichment with BHI broth, plating in EMB agar and biochemical identification, after which some isolates were maintained in nutrient agar for antimicrobial resistance evaluation. For the isolation of Salmonella sp., a standard method was used with pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, selective plating and biochemical identification steps. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed with disk diffusion technique and the following antibiotics were tested: ampicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B, gentamycin, cloranfenicol, tetracycline, azithromycin and fosfomycin. According to the methodology used, 95.9% of samples were positive for Escherichia coli and the most frequent resistance was to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Salmonella sp. was isolated from 0.2% of the samples, which were identified as the serotype Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O:6,8. Both isolates presented the same antimicrobial resistance profile, which were resistant to six, out of ten tested antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol and ceftiofur).Discussion: The low prevalence of Salmonella observed in this study have also been reported by other studies performed in poultry farms in Ceará State, which suggests a good status for this pathogen in the local industry, however further efforts in order to eradicate this pathogen must be applied. The salmonella serotype detected in this study is rarely reported in the literature, especially from the poultry industry. In Brazil, the use of tetracyclines, quinolones and penicillins as feed additives or growth promoters is prohibited; however, a high resistance to drugs from these groups was detected. In addition, multidrug resistant E. coli isolates presented more elevated rates than other studies reported in the literature with antibiotics commonly used in the poultry industry and this may indicate an excessive use of these drugs in the production routine. These results should serve as a warning for surveillance programs to evaluate the incidence of these microorganisms as well as their antimicrobial resistance rates, which may be an important tool for control and prevention in meat poultry production