20 research outputs found
Reheating in nonminimal derivative coupling model
We consider a model with nonminimal derivative coupling of inflaton to
gravity. The reheating process during rapid oscillation of the inflaton is
studied and the reheating temperature is obtained. Behaviors of the inflaton
and produced radiation in this era are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures; discussions added; accepted by JCA
Sommerfeld enhancement from Goldstone pseudo-scalar exchange
We point out that the exchange of a Goldstone pseudo-scalar can provide an
enhancement in the dark matter annihilation rate capable of explaining the
excess flux seen in high energy cosmic ray data. The mechanism of enhancement
involves the coupling of s and d waves through the tensor force that is very
strong and, in fact, singular at short distances. The results indicate that
large enhancements require some amount of fine tuning. We also discuss the
enhancement due to other singular attractive potentials, such as WIMP models
with a permanent electric dipole.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, v2 includes contact informatio
Dark Matter Direct Detection with Non-Maxwellian Velocity Structure
The velocity distribution function of dark matter particles is expected to
show significant departures from a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. This can
have profound effects on the predicted dark matter - nucleon scattering rates
in direct detection experiments, especially for dark matter models in which the
scattering is sensitive to the high velocity tail of the distribution, such as
inelastic dark matter (iDM) or light (few GeV) dark matter (LDM), and for
experiments that require high energy recoil events, such as many directionally
sensitive experiments. Here we determine the velocity distribution functions
from two of the highest resolution numerical simulations of Galactic dark
matter structure (Via Lactea II and GHALO), and study the effects for these
scenarios. For directional detection, we find that the observed departures from
Maxwell-Boltzmann increase the contrast of the signal and change the typical
direction of incoming DM particles. For iDM, the expected signals at direct
detection experiments are changed dramatically: the annual modulation can be
enhanced by more than a factor two, and the relative rates of DAMA compared to
CDMS can change by an order of magnitude, while those compared to CRESST can
change by a factor of two. The spectrum of the signal can also change
dramatically, with many features arising due to substructure. For LDM the
spectral effects are smaller, but changes do arise that improve the
compatibility with existing experiments. We find that the phase of the
modulation can depend upon energy, which would help discriminate against
background should it be found.Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, submitted to JCAP. Tables of g(v_min), the
integral of f(v)/v from v_min to infinity, derived from our simulations, are
available for download at http://astro.berkeley.edu/~mqk/dmdd
Model for a Universe described by a non-minimally coupled scalar field and interacting dark matter
In this work it is investigated the evolution of a Universe where a scalar
field, non-minimally coupled to space-time curvature, plays the role of
quintessence and drives the Universe to a present accelerated expansion. A
non-relativistic dark matter constituent that interacts directly with dark
energy is also considered, where the dark matter particle mass is assumed to be
proportional to the value of the scalar field. Two models for dark matter
pressure are considered: the usual one, pressureless, and another that comes
from a thermodynamic theory and relates the pressure with the coupling between
the scalar field and the curvature scalar. Although the model has a strong
dependence on the initial conditions, it is shown that the mixture consisted of
dark components plus baryonic matter and radiation can reproduce the expected
red-shift behavior of the deceleration parameter, density parameters and
luminosity distance.Comment: 11 pages and 6 figures. To appear in GR
Atomic Dark Matter
We propose that dark matter is dominantly comprised of atomic bound states.
We build a simple model and map the parameter space that results in the early
universe formation of hydrogen-like dark atoms. We find that atomic dark matter
has interesting implications for cosmology as well as direct detection:
Protohalo formation can be suppressed below for weak scale dark matter due to Ion-Radiation interactions in the
dark sector. Moreover, weak-scale dark atoms can accommodate hyperfine
splittings of order 100 \kev, consistent with the inelastic dark matter
interpretation of the DAMA data while naturally evading direct detection
bounds.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
Abelian Hidden Sectors at a GeV
We discuss mechanisms for naturally generating GeV-scale hidden sectors in
the context of weak-scale supersymmetry. Such low mass scales can arise when
hidden sectors are more weakly coupled to supersymmetry breaking than the
visible sector, as happens when supersymmetry breaking is communicated to the
visible sector by gauge interactions under which the hidden sector is
uncharged, or if the hidden sector is sequestered from gravity-mediated
supersymmetry breaking. We study these mechanisms in detail in the context of
gauge and gaugino mediation, and present specific models of Abelian GeV-scale
hidden sectors. In particular, we discuss kinetic mixing of a U(1)_x gauge
force with hypercharge, singlets or bi-fundamentals which couple to both
sectors, and additional loop effects. Finally, we investigate the possible
relevance of such sectors for dark matter phenomenology, as well as for low-
and high-energy collider searches.Comment: 43 pages, no figures; v2: to match JHEP versio
Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests
8 PáginasProduction of biogas from different organic materials is a most interesting source of renewable energy. The biomethane potential (BMP) of these materials has to be determined to get insight in design parameters for anaerobic digesters. A workshop was held in June 2015 in Leysin Switzerland to agree on common solutions to the conundrum of inconsistent BMP test results. A discussion covers actions and criteria that are considered compulsory ito accept and validate a BMP test result; and recommendations concerning the inoculum substrate test setup and data analysis and reporting ito obtain test results that can be validated and reproduced.The workshop in Leysin, Switzerland, has been financed by the Swiss Federal Office for Energy, and co-sponsored by Bioprocess Control Sweden AB, Lund, Sweden. The authors thank Alexandra Maria Murray for editing the English
The New Look pMSSM with Neutralino and Gravitino LSPs
The pMSSM provides a broad perspective on SUSY phenomenology. In this paper
we generate two new, very large, sets of pMSSM models with sparticle masses
extending up to 4 TeV, where the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is
either a neutralino or gravitino. The existence of a gravitino LSP necessitates
a detailed study of its cosmological effects and we find that Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis places strong constraints on this scenario. Both sets are
subjected to a global set of theoretical, observational and experimental
constraints resulting in a sample of \sim 225k viable models for each LSP type.
The characteristics of these two model sets are briefly compared. We confront
the neutralino LSP model set with searches for SUSY at the 7 TeV LHC using both
the missing (MET) and non-missing ET ATLAS analyses. In the MET case, we employ
Monte Carlo estimates of the ratios of the SM backgrounds at 7 and 8 TeV to
rescale the 7 TeV data-driven ATLAS backgrounds to 8 TeV. This allows us to
determine the pMSSM parameter space coverage for this collision energy. We find
that an integrated luminosity of \sim 5-20 fb^{-1} at 8 TeV would yield a
substantial increase in this coverage compared to that at 7 TeV and can probe
roughly half of the model set. If the pMSSM is not discovered during the 8 TeV
run, then our model set will be essentially void of gluinos and lightest first
and second generation squarks that are \lesssim 700-800 GeV, which is much less
than the analogous mSUGRA bound. Finally, we demonstrate that non-MET SUSY
searches continue to play an important role in exploring the pMSSM parameter
space. These two pMSSM model sets can be used as the basis for investigations
for years to come.Comment: 54 pages, 22 figures; typos fixed, references adde