Evaluation of the effects of different groove length and thickness of the retainers on the retention of maxillary anterior base metal resin bonded retainers ' an in vitro study

Objectives: The resin-bonded fixed partial dentures have gained immense popularity in recent years as they are more conservative, esthetic, economic and easily fabricated. However debonding is considered the most common cause of failure of resin bonded prosthesis. The objective of the study were to compare the effects of different groove lengths and thickness of retainers on retention of maxillary anterior base metal resin bonded retainers. Study Design: Twenty five metal dies of maxillary central incisor duplicated from pure typhodont teeth (maxillary left central incisors) prepared to receive retainer for resin bonded fixed partial denture having different test designs were made. Five test groups were made with each group having five specimens. Two groups were having preparation depth of 0.5mm and retention groove lengths of 3mm and 5mm. Two groups had preparation depths of 0.3 and 0.7mm with no groove preparation with retainer thickness of 0.3 and 0.7mm respectively. Fifth group with no groove preparation and preparation depth of 0.5mm was kept as control for all the groups. All the specimens were cemented using calibra (Dentsply) resin cement. Each specimen was subjected to tensile loading in vertical direction on universal testing machine (Instron 5569) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. \ Results: Groups with 5mm and 3mm groove length recorded higher mean vertical forces when compared to the group with no groove preparation. Group with 5mm groove length showed highest mean vertical forces. The group with 0.7mm retainer recorded higher mean vertical force values when compared to groups with 0.5mm and 0.3mm retainer thickness. Group with 0.3mm retainer thickness recorded the least mean vertical force value. Conclusion: Placement of the grooves increased the retention values almost 2 ½ times than the grooveless preparation and as the thickness of the retainers increased retention values also increased. Retention value was directly proportional to the groove length and retainer thickness

Magnetic Ordering and Superconductivity in the RE2_2Ir3_3Ge5_5 (RE = Y, La-Tm, Lu) System

We find that the compounds for RE = Y, La-Dy, crystallize in the tetragonal Ibam (U$_2$Co$_3$Si$_5$ type) structure whereas the compounds for RE = Er-Lu, crystallize in a new orthorhombic structure with a space group Pmmn. Samples of Ho$_2$Ir$_3$Ge$_5$ were always found to be multiphase. The compounds for RE = Y to Dy which adopt the Ibam type structure show a metallic resistivity whereas the compounds with RE = Er, Tm and Lu show an anomalous behavior in the resistivity with a semiconducting increase in $\rho$ as we go down in temperature from 300K. Interestingly we had earlier found a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity for the Yb sample in the same temperature range. We will compare this behavior with similar observations in the compounds RE$_3$Ru$_4$Ge$_{13}$ and REBiPt. La$_2$Ir$_3$Ge$_5$ and Y$_2$Ir$_3$Ge$_5$ show bulk superconductivity below 1.8K and 2.5K respectively. Our results confirm that Ce$_2$Ir$_3$Ge$_5$ shows a Kondo lattice behavior and undergoes antiferromagnetic ordering below 8.5K. Most of the other compounds containing magnetic rare-earth elements undergo a single antiferromagnetic transition at low temperatures (T$\leq$12K) while Gd$_2$Ir$_3$Ge$_5$, Dy$_2$Ir$_3$Ge$_5$ and Nd$_2$Ir$_3$Ge$_5$ show multiple transitions. The T$_N$'s for most of the compounds roughly scale with the de Gennes factor. which suggests that the chief mechanism of interaction leading to the magnetic ordering of the magnetic moments may be the RKKY interaction.Comment: 25 pages, 16 figure

Evaluation of African oil palm germplasm for drought tolerance

A field experiment was conducted at ARS Campus, Gangavati, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot to evaluate the oil palm genotypes for drought tolerance under medium black soils of Tungabhadra Command area of Karnataka. Nine oil palm genotypes were collected from Zambia and Tanzania for drought tolerance studies under rainfed conditions. The genotype ZS-3 recorded significantly higher fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield 7.0 t ha-1 over Z-6, ZS-8, ZS-8, ZS-9, TS-5 and TS-7. Number of bunches were significantly higher in the genotypes ZS-3 (4.4) followed by ZS-1 (4.1) and ZS-9 (4.0). Bunch weight was significantly higher in the genotype ZS-3 (11.2 kg bunch-1) followed by ZS-5 (10.8 kg bunch-1) and ZS-6 (9.4 kg bunch-1). The number of fruits per bunch was significantly higher in the genotype ZS-8 (3031) over all other genotypes. The number of male inflorescence was lower with the genotype ZS-5 and TS-5 (7.8 and 8.0 respectively). The number of female inflorescence was higher with the genotypes ZS-3 and TS-5 (7.0 and 7.0, respectively). Per cent sex ratio was higher with the genotype TS-5 and ZS-5 (46.2 and 44.8, respectively). The genotype ZS-1 and ZS-5 recorded higher annual leaf production of 21.4 and 20.3, respectively. The genotype ZS-1 recorded significantly lower number of leaf scorched per palm of 2.2 over other genotypes but it was on par with genotype ZS-3 (3.6). The data on various physiological and biochemical parameters revealed that the genotype ZS-1 and ZS-3 recorded higher relative water content, lower electrolyte leaching and significantly lower peroxidase activity indicating relatively more stress tolerant than other tested genotypes

Evaluation of African oil palm germplasm for drought tolerance

A field experiment was conducted at ARS Campus, Gangavati, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot to evaluate the oil palm genotypes for drought tolerance under medium black soils of Tungabhadra Command area of Karnataka. Nine oil palm genotypes were collected from Zambia and Tanzania for drought tolerance studies under rainfed conditions. The genotype ZS-3 recorded significantly higher fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield 7.0 t ha-1 over Z-6, ZS-8, ZS-8, ZS-9, TS-5 and TS-7. Number of bunches were significantly higher in the genotypes ZS-3 (4.4) followed by ZS-1 (4.1) and ZS-9 (4.0). Bunch weight was significantly higher in the genotype ZS-3 (11.2 kg bunch-1) followed by ZS-5 (10.8 kg bunch-1) and ZS-6 (9.4 kg bunch-1). The number of fruits per bunch was significantly higher in the genotype ZS-8 (3031) over all other genotypes. The number of male inflorescence was lower with the genotype ZS-5 and TS-5 (7.8 and 8.0 respectively). The number of female inflorescence was higher with the genotypes ZS-3 and TS-5 (7.0 and 7.0, respectively). Per cent sex ratio was higher with the genotype TS-5 and ZS-5 (46.2 and 44.8, respectively). The genotype ZS-1 and ZS-5 recorded higher annual leaf production of 21.4 and 20.3, respectively. The genotype ZS-1 recorded significantly lower number of leaf scorched per palm of 2.2 over other genotypes but it was on par with genotype ZS-3 (3.6). The data on various physiological and biochemical parameters revealed that the genotype ZS-1 and ZS-3 recorded higher relative water content, lower electrolyte leaching and significantly lower peroxidase activity indicating relatively more stress tolerant than other tested genotypes

Dentoronics: The Future of Dentistry Towards Robotics

Dentistry has seen massive improvements and advancements from the traditional techniques to the digital world that has widened the scope of dental treatment and procedures. Bio-robots application in oral diagnosis and treatment models can promote new avenue of technological innovation. This abstract explores the domain of dentoronics, where robotics and AI converge to reshape the future of dental care. While the Dentoronics revolution holds immense promise, challenges such as cost, regulatory approvals, and ethical considerations need to be addressed. Currently robots are used in basic and applied research in various specialized fields where tooth-crown preparation robots, drilling robots, implant surgery robots, teeth arrangement robots, arch wire bending robots are being developed. Stimulation-based training can benefit and bring the revolution in dentistry. Nevertheless, Dentoronics is poised to redefine the future of dentistry by providing safer, more efficient, and inclusive oral healthcare solutions, ultimately improving the well-being of countless individuals worldwide. As the field continues to evolve, embracing the robots are used in basic and applied research

Development of High Yielding Fusarium Wilt Resistant Cultivar by Pyramiding of “Genes” Through Marker-Assisted Backcrossing in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Pusa 391, a mega desi chickpea variety with medium maturity duration is extensively cultivated in the Central Zone of India. Of late, this variety has become susceptible to Fusarium wilt (FW), which has drastic impact on its yield. Presence of variability in the wilt causing pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (foc) across geographical locations necessitates the role of pyramiding for FW resistance for different races (foc 1,2,3,4 and 5). Subsequently, the introgression lines developed in Pusa 391 genetic background were subjected to foreground selection using three SSR markers (GA16, TA 27 and TA 96) while 48 SSR markers uniformly distributed on all chromosomes, were used for background selection to observe the recovery of recurrent parent genome (RPG). BC1F1 lines with 75–85% RPG recovery were used to generate BC2F1. The plants that showed more than 90% RPG recovery in BC2F1 were used for generating BC3F1. The plants that showed more than 96% RPG recovery were selected and selfed to generate BC3F3. Multi-location evaluation of advanced introgression lines (BC2F3) in six locations for grain yield (kg/ha), days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight and disease incidence was done. In case of disease incidence, the genotype IL1 (BGM 20211) was highly resistant to FW in Junagarh, Indore, New Delhi, Badnapur and moderately resistant at Sehore and Nandyal. GGE biplot analysis revealed that IL1(BGM20211) was the most stable genotype at Junagadh, Sehore and Nandyal. GGE biplot analysis revealed that IL1(BGM 20211) and IL4(BGM 20212) were the top performers in yield and highly stable across six environments and were nominated for Advanced Varietal Trials (AVT) of AICRP (All India Coordinated Research Project on Chickpea) in 2018–19. BGM20211 and BGM 20212 recorded 29 and 28.5% average yield gain over the recurrent parent Pusa 391, in the AVT-1 and AVT-2 over five environments. Thus, BGM20211 was identified for release and notified as Pusa Manav/Pusa Chickpea 20211 for Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra, Southern Rajasthan, Bundhelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh states by the Central Sub-Committees on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties of Agricultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, for commercial cultivation in India (Gazette notification number S.O.500 (E) dt. 29-1-2021).Such pyramided lines give resilience to multiple races of fusarium wilt with added yield advantage

Degradabilidade ruminal da cama de frango e do feno de capim coast-cross e avaliação de modelos matemáticos para estimativa da taxa de passagem de partículas

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar a cinética de degradação ruminal da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e os diferentes modelos para estimativa da taxa de passagem, em novilhos recebendo dietas com 15,0% de cama de frango, associada a dois níveis de suplemento à base de flora ruminal liofilizada de bovinos adultos (0 e 10 g/animal•dia). Quatro novilhos fistulados no rúmen e abomaso foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A taxa de passagem foi determinada por intermédio da técnica do cromo complexado à parede celular do feno de coast-cross, como indicador, e a degradabilidade, por intermédio da técnica do saco de náilon. Os modelos matemáticos foram avaliados por meio do estudo dos desvios padronizados e do número de corridas de sinal. A ingestão diária de 10 g do suplemento, por animal, não influiu na taxa de passagem das partículas e na degradabilidade ruminal. A cinética de passagem apresentou comportamento tempo-dependente. O modelo Dhanoa mostrou-se mais eficiente na determinação dos parâmetros relativos à taxa de passagem.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation kinetics and different models to estimate the passage rate in steers fed diets with 15.0% of broiler litter associated to two levels of a supplement based on bovine lyophilized ruminal microbiota (0 and 10 g/animal•day). Four steers with ruminal and abomasal fistulae were allotted to a completely randomized experiment. The passage rate was determined using chromium complexed to the cellular wall of the coast cross hay, as a marker, and the degradability, by means of the nylon bag technique. The mathematical models were evaluated by means of standardized deviations and of the number run signals. The daily intake of 10 g of the supplement per animal did not affect the passage rate and ruminal degradation. The passage kinetics had a time-dependent behavior. The Dhanoa model showed to be the most efficient in the determination of the parameters related to the passage rate

Search for intermediate mass black hole binaries in the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo network

Gravitational-wave astronomy has been firmly established with the detection of gravitational waves from the merger of ten stellar-mass binary black holes and a neutron star binary. This paper reports on the all-sky search for gravitational waves from intermediate mass black hole binaries in the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo network. The search uses three independent algorithms: two based on matched filtering of the data with waveform templates of gravitational-wave signals from compact binaries, and a third, model-independent algorithm that employs no signal model for the incoming signal. No intermediate mass black hole binary event is detected in this search. Consequently, we place upper limits on the merger rate density for a family of intermediate mass black hole binaries. In particular, we choose sources with total masses M=m1+m2ϵ[120,800] M and mass ratios q=m2/m1ϵ[0.1,1.0]. For the first time, this calculation is done using numerical relativity waveforms (which include higher modes) as models of the real emitted signal. We place a most stringent upper limit of 0.20 Gpc-3 yr-1 (in comoving units at the 90% confidence level) for equal-mass binaries with individual masses m1,2=100 M and dimensionless spins χ1,2=0.8 aligned with the orbital angular momentum of the binary. This improves by a factor of ∼5 that reported after Advanced LIGO's first observing run. © 2019 American Physical Society

Erratum: "A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo" (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

[no abstract available