Isospin effects and symmetry energy studies with INDRA

The equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter is still controversial, as predictions at subsaturation as well as above normal density widely diverge. We discuss several experimental results measured in heavy-ion collisions with the INDRA array in the incident energy range 5-80 MeV/nucleon. In particular an estimate of the density dependence of the symmetry energy is derived from isospin diffusion results compared with a transport code: the potential part of the symmetry energy linearly increases with the density. We demonstrate that isospin equilibrium is reached in mid-central collisions for the two reactions Ni+Au at 52 MeV/nucleon and Xe+Sn at 32 MeV/nucleon. New possible variables and an improved modelization to investigate symmetry energy are discussed.Comment: Review for the special issue of EPJA on symmetry energy. 20 pages, 16 figure

Isospin transport in 84Kr+112-124Sn collisions at Fermi energies with the FAZIA detector

Isotopically resolved fragments up to Z 20 have been studied in a test experiment by the FAZIA Collaboration with a three-stage telescope. The reactions 84Kr+112Sn (n-poor) and 84Kr+124Sn (n-rich) at 35 MeV/nucleon were measured. The telescope was located near the grazing angle, so the detected fragments are mainly emitted from the phase-space region of the projectile. In the following, evidences for isospin diffusion and drift will be discussed