1,169 research outputs found
Co-Adaptation Is Key to Coexisting with Large Carnivores
There is a pressing need to integrate large carnivore species into multi-use landscapes outside protected areas. However, an unclear understanding of coexistence hinders the realization of this goal. Here, we provide a comprehensive conceptualization of coexistence in which mutual adaptations by both large carnivores and humans have a central role
On Hawking's Local Rigidity Theorems for Charged Black Holes
We show the existence of a Hawking vector field in a full neighborhood of a
local, regular, bifurcate, non-expanding horizon embedded in a smooth
Einstein-Maxwell space-time without assuming the underlying space-time is
analytic. It extends one result of Friedrich, R\'{a}cz and Wald, which was
limited to the interior of the black hole region. Moreover, we also show, in
the presence of an additional Killing vector field which tangent to the
horizon and not vanishing on the bifurcate sphere, then space-time must be
locally axially symmetric without the analyticity assumption. This axial
symmetry plays a fundamental role in the classification theory of stationary
black holes.Comment: 20 page
A black ring with a rotating 2-sphere
We present a solution of the vacuum Einstein's equations in five dimensions
corresponding to a black ring with horizon topology S^1 x S^2 and rotation in
the azimuthal direction of the S^2. This solution has a regular horizon up to a
conical singularity, which can be placed either inside the ring or at infinity.
This singularity arises due to the fact that this black ring is not balanced.
In the infinite radius limit we correctly reproduce the Kerr black string, and
taking another limit we recover the Myers-Perry black hole with a single
angular momentum.Comment: 10 page
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Defense Waste Processing Facility Radioactive Operations - Year Two
The Savannah River Site`s Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) near Aiken, SC is the nation`s first high-level radioactive waste vitrification facility. This waste (130 million liters) which has been stored in carbon steel underground tanks and is now being pretreated, melted into a highly durable borosilicate glass and poured into stainless steel canisters for eventual disposal in a geologic repository. Following a ten-year construction period and nearly three-year nonradioactive test program, the DWPF began radioactive operations in March 1996. The first nine months of radioactive operations have been reported previously. As with any complex technical facility, difficulties were encountered during the transition to radioactive operations. Results of the second year of radioactive operations are presented in this paper. The discussion includes: feed preparation and glass melting, resolution of the melter pouring issues, improvements in processing attainment and throughput, and planned improvements in laboratory attainment and throughput
Five Dimensional Rotating Black Hole in a Uniform Magnetic Field. The Gyromagnetic Ratio
In four dimensional general relativity, the fact that a Killing vector in a
vacuum spacetime serves as a vector potential for a test Maxwell field provides
one with an elegant way of describing the behaviour of electromagnetic fields
near a rotating Kerr black hole immersed in a uniform magnetic field. We use a
similar approach to examine the case of a five dimensional rotating black hole
placed in a uniform magnetic field of configuration with bi-azimuthal symmetry,
that is aligned with the angular momenta of the Myers-Perry spacetime. Assuming
that the black hole may also possess a small electric charge we construct the
5-vector potential of the electromagnetic field in the Myers-Perry metric using
its three commuting Killing vector fields. We show that, like its four
dimensional counterparts, the five dimensional Myers-Perry black hole rotating
in a uniform magnetic field produces an inductive potential difference between
the event horizon and an infinitely distant surface. This potential difference
is determined by a superposition of two independent Coulomb fields consistent
with the two angular momenta of the black hole and two nonvanishing components
of the magnetic field. We also show that a weakly charged rotating black hole
in five dimensions possesses two independent magnetic dipole moments specified
in terms of its electric charge, mass, and angular momentum parameters. We
prove that a five dimensional weakly charged Myers-Perry black hole must have
the value of the gyromagnetic ratio g=3.Comment: 23 pages, REVTEX, v2: Minor changes, v3: Minor change
Towards a formalism for mapping the spacetimes of massive compact objects: Bumpy black holes and their orbits
Observations have established that extremely compact, massive objects are
common in the universe. It is generally accepted that these objects are black
holes. As observations improve, it becomes possible to test this hypothesis in
ever greater detail. In particular, it is or will be possible to measure the
properties of orbits deep in the strong field of a black hole candidate (using
x-ray timing or with gravitational-waves) and to test whether they have the
characteristics of black hole orbits in general relativity. Such measurements
can be used to map the spacetime of a massive compact object, testing whether
the object's multipoles satisfy the strict constraints of the black hole
hypothesis. Such a test requires that we compare against objects with the
``wrong'' multipole structure. In this paper, we present tools for constructing
bumpy black holes: objects that are almost black holes, but that have some
multipoles with the wrong value. The spacetimes which we present are good deep
into the strong field of the object -- we do not use a large r expansion,
except to make contact with weak field intuition. Also, our spacetimes reduce
to the black hole spacetimes of general relativity when the ``bumpiness'' is
set to zero. We propose bumpy black holes as the foundation for a null
experiment: if black hole candidates are the black holes of general relativity,
their bumpiness should be zero. By comparing orbits in a bumpy spacetime with
those of an astrophysical source, observations should be able to test this
hypothesis, stringently testing whether they are the black holes of general
relativity. (Abridged)Comment: 16 pages + 2 appendices + 3 figures. Submitted to PR
Competition between Fusion and Quasi-fission in the Formation of Super-heavy Elements
Quasifission is a non-equilibrium dynamical process resulting in rapid separation of the dinuclear system initially formed after capture and sticking of two colliding heavy nuclei. This can inhibit fusion by many orders of magnitude, thus suppressing the cross section for formation of superheavy elements. Measurements with projectiles from C to Ni, made at the Australian National University Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility, have mapped out quasifission characteristics and systematics using mass-angle distributions (MAD) - the fission mass-split as a function of centre-of-mass angle. These provide information on quasifission dynamics in the least model-dependent way. Quasifission time-scale information in the MAD has been compared with TDHF calculations of the collisions, with good agreement being found. Most significantly, the nuclear structure of the two colliding nuclei has a dramatic effect on quasifission probabilities and characteristics in gentle collisions at near-barrier energies. The effect of static deformation alignment, closed shells and N/Z matching can completely change reaction outcomes. The realization of this strong dependence makes modelling quasifission and superheavy element formation a challenging task, but should ultimately allow more reliable prediction of superheavy element formation cross sections
A uniqueness theorem for degenerate Kerr-Newman black holes
We show that the domains of dependence of stationary, -regular,
analytic, electrovacuum space-times with a connected, non-empty, rotating,
degenerate event horizon arise from Kerr-Newman space-times
Rotating Einstein-Yang-Mills Black Holes
We construct rotating hairy black holes in SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory.
These stationary axially symmetric black holes are asymptotically flat. They
possess non-trivial non-Abelian gauge fields outside their regular event
horizon, and they carry non-Abelian electric charge. In the limit of vanishing
angular momentum, they emerge from the neutral static spherically symmetric
Einstein-Yang-Mills black holes, labelled by the node number of the gauge field
function. With increasing angular momentum and mass, the non-Abelian electric
charge of the solutions increases, but remains finite. The asymptotic expansion
for these black hole solutions includes non-integer powers of the radial
variable.Comment: 63 pages, 10 figure
Kepler constraints on planets near hot Jupiters
We present the results of a search for planetary companions orbiting near hot Jupiter planet candidates (Jupiter-size candidates with orbital periods near 3 d) identified in the Kepler data through its sixth quarter of science operations. Special emphasis is given to companions between the 2∶1 interior and exterior mean-motion resonances. A photometric transit search excludes companions with sizes ranging from roughly two-thirds to five times the size of the Earth, depending upon the noise properties of the target
star. A search for dynamically induced deviations from a constant period (transit timing variations) also shows no significant signals. In contrast, comparison studies of warm Jupiters (with slightly larger orbits) and hot Neptune-size candidates do exhibit signatures of additional companions with these same tests. These differences
between hot Jupiters and other planetary systems denote a distinctly different formation or dynamical history
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