Optimization of physico-chemical properties of carbon enterosorbents and evaluation of their sorption activity for use in the treatment of paraneoplastic syndrome and other endogenous intoxications in cancer patients

Aim - development of carbon enterosorbents with optimal physical-chemical properties and high adsorptive capacity for their usage in the treatment of paraneoplastic syndrome and other endogenous intoxication in cancer patients. Methods: physical-chemical and biochemical methods of investigation. In the work it has been shown that performance of additional steam activation on pilot plant developed in R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, allows produce highly active granulated and fibrous carbon enterosorbents which possess well developed porous surface providing potent sorption potential toward compounds of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature. Being placed in gastro-intestinal tract lumen these sorbents may cause certain effect on functional activity of detoxifying body systems and regeneration potential of many organs and tissues. Key Words: activated carbon, enterosorbents, porous surface, adsorptive capacity

GPR results for indicating layers of snow strata

The authors of this article describe the results of GPR tests for indicating the layers of snow strata and determining their properties, allowing for forecasting of avalanche hazards. The GPR tests were carried out during the winter season 2021/2022. Trenches were dug in the snow, in the wall of which long metal rods (markers) were installed, which are the reflectors for the GPR and make it possible to distinguish the boundaries of layers on the radarogram. As a result of conducting GPR sounding of the snow cover, radarograms were obtained, on which the layered structure of snow can be read. Using the GeoScan32 software, dielectric permittivity values were obtained for 19 layers of snow strata with different properties. Correlations were obtained between dielectric permittivity and temperature, crystal diameter, snow layer density, and snow layer water storage. The resulting dielectric permittivity relationships reveal the strongest correlations between dielectric permittivity and density, with a higher correlation coefficient for dry snow than for wet snow. The values of dielectric permittivity obtained from GPR were also compared with calculated values derived from a number of empirical correlations with snow density

Results of applying the georadiolocation method to estimate snow volume in small avalanche assemblages on Sakhalin Island

In this paper, the authors present the results of snow volume estimation in small avalanche accumulations on Sakhalin Island using GPR. Sakhalin Island using GPR. As a result of using the GPR method, data on snow cover height, snow volume and density on the slope were obtained. The values obtained using GPR correlate well with data from pits and observations from the Nevelsk weather station, which is located at a close altitude. GPR was modified to complete the study. We used metal markers in the control points to clarify the height of layers when linking them to radarograms. GeoScan32 software was used to determine the dielectric permittivity of the snow cover. The application of the georadiolocation method allows to safely and accurately estimate the snow volume in avalanche accumulation

Методические рекомендации Российской некоммерческой общественной организации "Ассоциация анестезиологов-реаниматологов", Межрегиональной общественной организации "Альянс клинических химиотерапевтов и микробиологов", Межрегиональной ассоциации по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной химиотерапии (МАКМАХ), общественной организации "Российский Сепсис Форум" "Диагностика и антимикробная терапия инфекций, вызванных полирезистентными микроорганизмами"

Introduction. Strains of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial agents are commonly found in medical units throughout most regions of the world, including Russia. This leads to lower antimicrobial therapy efficacy when treating nosocomial infections. In this regard, the timely implementation of adequate antibiotic therapy is of great importance. The objective of the guidelines: To provide summarized information on contemporary approaches to microbiological diagnostics and the assessment of results, as well as the principles of rational use of antimicrobial and antifungal agents, including treatment of infections caused by multiple drug-resistant strains of microorganisms. Subjects and methods. These guidelines are based on published data obtained in the course of randomized trials, as well as information presented in the provisions of international guidelines supported by high-level evidence. The guidelines were prepared by a working group of Russian experts with extensive experience in research and practical work in this area. On October 11, 2019, the final version of the guidelines was reviewed and approved at a joint meeting of the working group and representatives of the public organizations which initiated the development of these guidelines (Association of Anesthesiologists-Intensivists, the Interregional Non-Governmental Organization Alliance of Clinical Chemotherapists and Microbiologists, the Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (IACMAC), NGO Russian Sepsis Forum). Conclusion. The guidelines reflect an interdisciplinary consensus of approaches to the diagnostics and antibiotic therapy of infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms. The provisions set forth should be used to decide on the strategy of empirical and etiotropic therapy of the most severe infections.Введение. В большинстве регионов мира, в том числе и в России, получают широкое распространение штаммы микроорганизмов, характеризующиеся устойчивостью к большинству используемых в медицинских организациях антимикробных препаратов, что закономерно ведет к снижению эффективности антимикробной терапии при лечении нозокомиальных инфекций. В этой связи своевременное назначение адекватной антибактериальной терапии приобретает очень большое значение. Цель рекомендаций: представить в обобщенном виде информацию о современных подходах к микробиологической диагностике и оценке ее результатов, а также о принципах рационального использования антимикробных и противогрибковых препаратов, в том числе при инфекциях, вызванных полирезистентными штаммами микроорганизмов. Материал и методы. В основу положены данные из публикаций, полученные в ходе рандомизированных исследований, а также изложенные в международных клинических рекомендациях в виде положений, имеющих высокую степень доказательности. Рекомендации подготовлены рабочей группой российских экспертов, обладающих большим опытом исследовательской и практической работы в рассматриваемой области. Окончательный вариант рекомендаций был рассмотрен и утвержден 11.10.2019 г. на совместном заседании рабочей группы и представителей общественных организаций - инициаторов разработки Методических рекомендаций (Российская некоммерческая общественная организация «Ассоциация анестезиологов-реаниматологов», Межрегиональная общественная организация «Альянс клинических химиотерапевтов и микробиологов», Межрегиональная ассоциация по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной химиотерапии (МАКМАХ), общественная организация «Российский Сепсис Форум»). Заключение. Рекомендации отражают междисциплинарное консенсусное мнение о подходах к диагностике и антибактериальной терапии инфекций, вызванных полирезистентными микрорганизмами. Изложенные в них положения целесообразно использовать при определении тактики эмпирической и этиотропной терапии наиболее тяжелых инфекций