Chemical analysis of aerosol in the Venusian cloud layer by reaction gas chromatography on board the Vega landers

The experiment on sulfuric acid aerosol determination in the Venusian cloud layer on board the Vega landers is described. An average content of sulfuric acid of approximately 1 mg/cu m was found for the samples taken from the atmosphere at heights from 63 to 48 km and analyzed with the SIGMA-3 chromatograph. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was revealed in the gaseous sample at the height of 48 km. From the experimental results and blank run measurements, a suggestion is made that the Venusian cloud layer aerosol consists of more complicated particles than the sulfuric acid water solution does

The space physics environment data analysis system (SPEDAS)

With the advent of the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO), a complement of multi-spacecraft missions and ground-based observatories to study the space environment, data retrieval, analysis, and visualization of space physics data can be daunting. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), a grass-roots software development platform (www.spedas.org), is now officially supported by NASA Heliophysics as part of its data environment infrastructure. It serves more than a dozen space missions and ground observatories and can integrate the full complement of past and upcoming space physics missions with minimal resources, following clear, simple, and well-proven guidelines. Free, modular and configurable to the needs of individual missions, it works in both command-line (ideal for experienced users) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode (reducing the learning curve for first-time users). Both options have “crib-sheets,” user-command sequences in ASCII format that can facilitate record-and-repeat actions, especially for complex operations and plotting. Crib-sheets enhance scientific interactions, as users can move rapidly and accurately from exchanges of technical information on data processing to efficient discussions regarding data interpretation and science. SPEDAS can readily query and ingest all International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP)-compatible products from the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), enabling access to a vast collection of historic and current mission data. The planned incorporation of Heliophysics Application Programmer’s Interface (HAPI) standards will facilitate data ingestion from distributed datasets that adhere to these standards. Although SPEDAS is currently Interactive Data Language (IDL)-based (and interfaces to Java-based tools such as Autoplot), efforts are under-way to expand it further to work with python (first as an interface tool and potentially even receiving an under-the-hood replacement). We review the SPEDAS development history, goals, and current implementation. We explain its “modes of use” with examples geared for users and outline its technical implementation and requirements with software developers in mind. We also describe SPEDAS personnel and software management, interfaces with other organizations, resources and support structure available to the community, and future development plans.Published versio

Non-equilibrium phase transition in a sheared granular mixture

The dynamics of an impurity (or tracer particle) immersed in a dilute granular gas under uniform shear flow is investigated. A non-equilibrium phase transition is identified from an exact solution of the inelastic Boltzmann equation for a granular binary mixture in the tracer limit, where the impurity carries either a vanishing (disordered phase) or a finite (ordered phase) fraction of the total kinetic energy of the system. In the disordered phase, the granular temperature ratio (impurity "temperature" over that of the host fluid) is finite, while it diverges in the ordered phase. To correctly capture this extreme violation of energy equipartition, we show that the picture of an impurity enslaved to the host fluid is insufficient

Socio–pedagogical alternatives of modernization of the university educational process: The real and virtual space

© 2016 Sosnovskaya et al.The research urgency is caused by the contradictions that exist in the approaches to modernization of the University educational process. In recent years the main part of specialists’ attention is focused on the implementation of the priorities of the global information space in the University educational practice, among which are recognized: information, networks, security of the person. These priorities are directed on the intensification of the advantages of virtual space in front of the actually existing educational space of the University by limiting the sphere of direct interpersonal contacts of students in the process of creative educational, professional and sociocultural activities. The current tendencies determine the need for an objective, scientifically based analysis of social – pedagogical alternatives of modernization of University educational process and correction of approaches, due to the natural identification of the real educational process of the University with the virtual space. In this regard, the focus in this article is devoted to substantiation of the structure and content of socio – pedagogical alternatives of modernization of the University educational process taking into account the priorities of real and virtual space. A leading research method is the method of pedagogical monitoring allowing in the process of continuous observation of the development of the University real educational process to determine the socio - pedagogical alternatives for its modernization, taking into account integration of priorities of real and virtual space. The paper presents the content of the notion "socio – pedagogical alternatives of modernization of the University educational process"; defines the essence of the priorities of the virtual space in the educational process of the University; reveals the features of integration of real and virtual space in the educational process of the University; develops the educational – methodical recommendations "use of the priorities of the virtual space in the real educational process of the University." Also it proves the effectiveness of the recommendations using cognitive, informative, motivational, communicative, axiological criteria. The paper can be useful to teachers, methodologists, managers of the universities

Logistic outsourcing in pharmacy. the theory and practice

Today, the introduction and application of a logistics approach to resource management allows pharmaceutical companies to increase their social, environmental and economic efficiency. The article is aimed to research the essence of the concept, types and party of logistic outsourcing in practical pharmacy. To reach the aimreview of foreign and domestic scientific sources and the existing legal framework of Ukraine on this issue have been analyzed. Investigation methods were bibliographic and analytical ones. The results of these studies indicate the today outsourcing is one of the main logistics strategies of domestic pharmaceutical companies, which is actively used in the sphere of IT-technologies and warehouse services. At the same time for ensuring high-quality providing outsourcing services, a legal and regulatory framework is needed that standardizes the interaction between firm customer and the outsourcer, also the development of standards for the provision of services of a certain type of outsourcing. Wide introduction of logistics outsourcing, as a modern form of optimization of logistics business processes, requires the formation of professional competence among future pharmacists in pharmaceutical logistics, its tools and strategies, i.e. training of competitive professionals capable of working in various directions of practical pharmacy. Introduction of the topic «Logistic outsourcing in practical pharmacy» in the educational process of students of pharmaceutical faculties (university), pharmacists-interns and pharmacists at the postgraduate level of training is necessary. It will improve the theoretical and practical training of future specialist pharmaceutists and will allow them to apply the knowledge which would be gained in the future in logistics outsourcing in the activities of pharmaceutical companies

Early Observations and Analysis of the Type Ia SN 2014J in M82

We present optical and near infrared (NIR) observations of the nearby Type Ia SN 2014J. Seventeen optical and twenty-three NIR spectra were obtained from 10 days before ($-$10d) to 10 days after (+10d) the time of maximum $B$-band brightness. The relative strengths of absorption features and their patterns of development can be compared at one day intervals throughout most of this period. Carbon is not detected in the optical spectra, but we identify CI $\lambda$ 1.0693 in the NIR spectra. We find that MgII lines with high oscillator strengths have higher initial velocities than other MgII lines. We show that the velocity differences can be explained by differences in optical depths due to oscillator strengths. The spectra of SN 2014J show it is a normal SN Ia, but many parameters are near the boundaries between normal and high-velocity subclasses. The velocities for OI, MgII, SiII, SII, CaII and FeII suggest that SN 2014J has a layered structure with little or no mixing. That result is consistent with the delayed detonation explosion models. We also report photometric observations, obtained from $-$10d to +29d, in the $UBVRIJH$ and $K_s$ bands. SN 2014J is about 3 magnitudes fainter than a normal SN Ia at the distance of M82, which we attribute to extinction in the host. The template fitting package SNooPy is used to interpret the light curves and to derive photometric parameters. Using $R_V$ = 1.46, which is consistent with previous studies, SNooPy finds that $A_V = 1.80$ for $E(B-V)_{host}=1.23 \pm 0.01$ mag. The maximum $B$-band brightness of $-19.19 \pm 0.10$ mag was reached on February 1.74 UT $\pm 0.13$ days and the supernova had a decline parameter of $\Delta m_{15}=1.11 \pm 0.02$ mag.Comment: 6 figures, 6 tables, submitted to the Ap

Early Observations And Analysis Of The Type Ia SN 2014J In M82

We present optical and near infrared (NIR) observations of the nearby Type Ia SN 2014J. Seventeen optical and 23 NIR spectra were obtained from 10 days before (-10d) to 10 days after (+10d) the time of maximum B-band brightness. The relative strengths of absorption features and their patterns of development can be compared at one day intervals throughout most of this period. Carbon is not detected in the optical spectra, but we identify C I lambda 1.0693 in the NIR spectra. Mg II lines with high oscillator strengths have higher initial velocities than other Mg II lines. We show that the velocity differences can be explained by differences in optical depths due to oscillator strengths. The spectra of SN 2014J show that it is a normal SN Ia, but many parameters are near the boundaries between normal and high-velocity subclasses. The velocities for OI, Mg II, Si II, S Ca a, and Fell suggest that SN 2014J has a layered structure with little or no mixing. That result is consistent with the delayed detonation explosion models. We also report photometric observations, obtained from -10d to +29d, in the UBVRIJH and K-s bands. The template fitting package SNooPy is used to interpret the light curves and to derive photometric parameters. Using R-v = 1.46, which is consistent with previous studies, SNooPy finds that A(v) = 1.80 for E(B - V)(host) = 1.23 +/- 0.06 mag. The maximum B-band brightness of -19.19 +/- 0.10 mag was reached on February 1.74 UT +/- 0.13 days and the supernova has a decline parameter, Delta m(15), of 1.12 +/- 0.02 mag.Department of Space, Government of IndiaHungarian OTKA NN-107637NSF AST-1109801, AST-1151462, AST-1211196NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship AST-1302771NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute GO-12540NASA NAS5-26555Swedish Research CouncilSwedish National Space BoardDanish Agency for Science and Technology and Innovation realized through a Sapere Aude Level 2 grantAstronom

ЕТАПИ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ ВІЙСЬКОВО-МЕДИЧНОГО ПОСТАЧАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІСТОРІЇ БУДІВНИЦТВА ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

The aim of the work is to study the stages of formation and development of military medical supply system in the context of building history of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of domestic scientific sources and the current legal documents was conducted. Were used methods of information retrieval, systematization, content analysis, comparison, generalization and modeling. Results and discussion. During the study of the stages of formation and development of military medical supply system in the context of building history of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, it was established that at the time of the creation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the military medical service and the system of medical supplies were being constructed using the approaches of the Soviet Army. It was clarified that the adoption of a defense doctrine, the change in economic conditions in the country and the limited resources led to the transition to medical care and the supply of medical equipment and property on a territorial basis. This is also required separation losses of both the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the medical service to the optimal number. It was determined that the lack of budget financing during all the years of the existence of the Armed Forces of Ukraine did not allow to build an effective model of medical supplies and carry out technical re-equipment of the medical service fully. The retrospective analysis of the evolution of the medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine showed that in 1991-1994 and 2005-2007 it was a duplication of the management function of medical care in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. At the same time, in the period from 1998-2005, the management of medical care carried out a single governing body, which contributed to a more effective solution to the issues of medical care. Conclusions. The stages of formation and development of the military-medical supply system in the context of the history of the construction of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are conducted in the article. It is also determined that at the present stage the principle of a unified medical service management body that meets NATO standards is implemented. As of today, the development of the medical supply system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is aimed at integrating into a single effective logistic support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which operates in accordance with the norms and standards of the Alliance. Thus, in order to choose a scientifically grounded model of military medical supply in modern realities, it is necessary to summarize the historical experience of the formation of a supply system of medical equipment to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. As a result, the subject of our further research is to determine the evolutionary stages in the management of streaming processes in the medical supply system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.Метою роботи є дослідження етапів становлення та розвитку системи військово-медичного постачання в контексті історії будівництва Збройних Сил України. Матеріали та методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети дослідження проведено огляд вітчизняних наукових джерел та чинної нормативно-правової бази. Під час виконання дослідження використано методи інформаційного пошуку, систематизації, контент-аналізу, порівняння та узагальнення. Результати та їх обговорення. При проведенні дослідження етапів становлення та розвитку системи військово-медичного постачання в контексті історії будівництва Збройних Сил України, встановлено, що на момент створення Збройних Сил України військово-медична служба та система медичного постачання будувалась з використанням підходів Радянської Армії. З’ясовано, що прийняття оборонної доктрини, зміна економічних засад в країні та обмеженість ресурсів обумовили перехід до медичного забезпечення та постачання медичною технікою та майном за територіальним принципом. Це, в свою чергу, потребувало скорочення чисельності як Збройних Сил України, так і медичної служби до оптимальної кількості. Визначено, що недостатність бюджетного фінансування на протязі всіх років існування Збройних Сил України не дозволила в повному обсязі побудувати ефективну модель медичного постачання та провести технічне переоснащення медичної служби. Проведений ретроспективний аналіз еволюції органів управління медичною службою Збройних Сил України показав, що в періоди 1991-1994 рр. та 2005-2007 рр. існувало дублювання управлінської функції з медичного забезпечення в Міністерстві оборони України та Генеральному штабі Збройних Сил України. При цьому, в період з 1998-2005 рр. управління медичним забезпеченням здійснював єдиний орган управління, що сприяло більш ефективному вирішенню питань медичного забезпечення. Висновки. В статті проведено дослідження етапів становлення та розвитку системи військово-медичного постачання в контексті історії будівництва Збройних Сил України. Також визначено, що на сучасному етапі реалізується принцип єдиного органу управління медичною службою, що відповідає стандартам НАТО. Станом на сьогодні, розвиток системи медичного постачання Збройних Сил України орієнтований на інтеграцію у єдину ефективну систему логістичного забезпечення ЗС України, яка функціонує відповідно до норм та стандартів Альянсу. Таким чином, для вибору науково-обґрунтованої моделі військово-медичного постачання в сучасних реаліях необхідним є узагальнення історичного досвіду формування системи постачання медичним майном Збройних Сил України. Отже, предметом нашого подальшого дослідження є визначення еволюційних етапів розвитку управління потоковими процесами у системі медичного постачання Збройних Сил України