441 research outputs found
Macroprudential Policy under Incomplete Information
In this paper, we use a DSGE model to study the passive and time-varying implementation of macroprudential policy when policy-makers have noisy and lagged data. The model features an economy with two agents; households and entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are the borrowers in this economy and need capital as collateral to obtain loans. The macroprudential regulator uses the collateral requirement as the policy instrument. In this setup , we compare policy performances of permanently increasing the collateral requirement (passive policy) versus a time-varying (active) policy which responds to credit developments. Results show that with perfect and timely information, an active approach is welfare superior, since it is more eΒ€ective in providing β¦nancial stability with no long-run output cost. If the policy-maker is not able to observe the economic conditions perfectly or observe with a lag, a cautious (less aggressive) policy or even a passive approach may be preferred. However, the latter comes at the expense of increasing inequality and a long-run output cost, which could outweigh their macroeconomic and β¦nancial stability beneβ¦ts
The function of poliamine metabolism in prostate cancer
In many developed countries prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death in human population. Prostate tissue is characterized by the highest level of polyamines among organs in human body, and it is even higher in prostate carcinomas. These ubiquitous molecules are synthesized by prostate epithelium and are involved in many biochemical processes including cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and protein synthesis. In this review we made the attempt to discuss the functions of polyamines, their involvement in apoptosis and potential role as molecular biomarker for prostate cancer. Also we present recent data on generation of drugs, in particular, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, developed for therapy of prostate cancer.ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ,
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ
Non-Perturbative Planar Equivalence and the Absence of Closed String Tachyons
We consider 'orbifold' and 'orientifold' field theories from the dual closed
string theory side. We argue that a necessary condition for planar equivalence
to hold is the absence of a closed string tachyonic mode in the dual
non-supersymmetric string. We analyze several gauge theories on R3xS1. In the
specific case of U(N) theories with symmetric/anti-symmetric fermions
('orientifold field theories') the relevant closed string theory is
tachyon-free at large compactification radius (due to winding modes), but it
develops a tachyonic mode below a critical radius. Our finding is with
agreement with field theory expectations of a phase transition from a C-parity
violating phase to a C-parity preserving phase as the compactification radius
increases. In the case of U(N)xU(N) theories with bi-fundamental matter
('orbifold field theories') a tachyon is always present in the string spectrum,
at any compactification radius. We conclude that on R4 planar equivalence holds
for 'orientfiold field theories', but fails for 'orbifold field theories'
daughters of N=4 SYM and suggest the same for daughters of N=1 SYM. We also
discuss examples of SO/Sp gauge theories with symmetric/anti-symmetric
fermions. In this case planar equivalence holds at any compactification radius
-in agreement with the absence of tachyons in the string dual.Comment: 14 pages, Latex. 3 eps figures. v2: ref. added. v3: clarifying
sentences added in the abstract and at the end of section 4. version accepted
to JHE
Deconstruction and other approaches to supersymmetric lattice field theories
This report contains both a review of recent approaches to supersymmetric
lattice field theories and some new results on the deconstruction approach. The
essential reason for the complex phase problem of the fermion determinant is
shown to be derivative interactions that are not present in the continuum.
These irrelevant operators violate the self-conjugacy of the fermion action
that is present in the continuum. It is explained why this complex phase
problem does not disappear in the continuum limit. The fermion determinant
suppression of various branches of the classical moduli space is explored, and
found to be supportive of previous claims regarding the continuum limit.Comment: 70 page
Preferential binding of ATR protein to UV-damaged DNA
The ATR protein is a member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase family and plays an important role in UV-induced DNA damage checkpoint response. Its role as a signal transducer in cell cycle checkpoint is well established, but it is currently unclear whether ATR functions as a damage sensor as well. Here we have purified the ATR protein and investigated its interaction with DNA by using biochemical analysis and electron microscopy. We find that ATR is a DNA-binding protein with higher affinity to UV-damaged than undamaged DNA. In addition, damaged DNA stimulates the kinase activity of ATR to a significantly higher level than undamaged DNA. Our data suggest that ATR may function as an initial sensor in the DNA damage checkpoint response
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Fiber-Reinforcement of Binder-Jetted Casting Molds for Multiple Usag
Widely used sand casting with lost molds is an efficient and cost-effective way of producing geometrically
complex components. As the demand for sand has tripled over the last two decades, finding new solutions for
thermostable binder systems and ensuring the efficient use of resources is essential. To address this issue, the
REINFORCED SAND project is exploring glass fiber-reinforced sand molds and temperature-stable inorganic
binders within the binder-jetting process. The aim is to improve the mechanical properties of the D-printed
casting molds to make multiple uses of these possible, reducing resource consumption and increasing profitability.
For this purpose, various material systems and manufacturing parameters were examined. It has been
demonstrated that fiber-reinforced sand molds can be used for multiple castings, and fibers can be principally
processed in the binder jetting process. These efforts aim to make sand casting production more environmentally
friendly and sustainable. The REINFORCED SAND project is a step towards achieving these goals.Mechanical Engineerin
What can we learn from the implementation of monetary and macroprudential policies: a systematic literature review
The emergence of macroprudential policies, implemented by central banks as a means of promoting financial stability, has raised many questions regarding the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies. Given the limited number of studies available, this paper sheds light on this issue by providing a critical and systematic review of the literature. To this end, we divide the theoretical and empirical studies into two broad channels of borrowers - consisting of the cost of funds and the collateral constraint - and financial intermediaries - consisting of risk-taking and payment systems. In spite of the existing ambiguity surrounding coordination issues between monetary and macroprudential policies, it is argued that monetary policy alone is not sufficient to maintain macroeconomic and financial stability. Hence, macroprudential policies are needed to supplement monetary. Additionally, we find that the role of the exchange rate is critical in the implementation of monetary and macroprudential policies in emerging markets, whilst volatile capital flows pose another challenge. In so far as how the arrangement of monetary and macroprudential policies varies across countries, key theoretical and policy implications have been identified
Integrable Spin Chains on the Conformal Moose
We consider N=1, D=4 superconformal U(N)^{pq} Yang-Mills theories dual to
AdS_5xS^5/Z_pxZ_q orbifolds. We construct the dilatation operator of this
superconformal gauge theory at one-loop planar level. We demonstrate that a
specific sector of this dilatation operator can be thought of as the transfer
matrix for a two-dimensional statistical mechanical system, related to an
integrable SU(3) anti-ferromagnetic spin chain system, which in turn is
equivalent to a 2+1-dimensional string theory where the spatial slices are
discretized on a triangular lattice. This is an extension of the SO(6) spin
chain picture of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. We comment on the integrability
of this N=1 gauge theory and hence the corresponding three-dimensional
statistical mechanical system, its connection to three-dimensional lattice
gauge theories, extensions to six-dimensional string theories, AdS/CFT type
dualities and finally their construction via orbifolds and brane-box models. In
the process we discover a new class of almost-BPS BMN type operators with large
engineering dimensions but controllably small anomalous corrections.Comment: 53 pages, 14 eps figures; Added reference
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