The Prevalence and Risk Factors of GERD Among Indonesian Medical Doctors

Background: Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors. Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015. The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analysed. Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37 ± 11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR = 2.054), BMI >30 kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR = 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR = 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD. Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors.&nbsp

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Keuntungan USAhatani Kakao di Sulawesi Tenggara

Cocoa is Southeast Sulawesi's prime commodity which has area about 127.547,02ha. Kolaka regency is the central of cocoa development which contributed 73,39 % withfarmer involved about 101.062 head of family. This commodity is to be source of mainfarmer income and regional income, so to know value income of cocoa farming system, itwas done analysis to the factors which influenced profit level. The research was surveymethod on November – December 2004 in Pinanggosi and Aladadio villages, Lambadiasub district, Kolaka regency. The result showed that farmer income can be increasedthrough extensification and increasing the use of fertilizer. The average of area propertywas 2,69 ha and fertilizer used by farmer was still under recommendation. Therefore,cocoa farming system in this research area hasn't given the maximal profit for farmersyet

Difficulties in Making Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Several Cases Analysis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rarely found in clinical practice. However, the incidence of IBD seems to have increased recently. Generally, the patients will come to hospital with chief complaint of chronic diarrhea with or without hematochezia. We reported two cases of IBD in which they had been misdiagnosed as colitis tuberculosis based on colonoscopy examination. Treatment of anti tuberculosis drugs had made no clinical improvement. Further evaluation suggested the diagnosis of IBD. They responded very well clinically after treated as IBD. This case report reminds us to consider the diagnosis of IBD in patient with chronic diarrhea and ulceration in colonic mucosa at colonoscopy

Impact of Low Fiber Diet on Gastrointestinal Disorders

Fiber is not digested or absorbed in the small intestine. The main site of action of fiber is in the colon. In the colon, fiber will increase stool output and frequency, increase stool water, dilute the colonic content, reduce the toxins, bile acid, increase colonic fermentation and also stimulate probiotic growth. Some meta-analysis of observational epidemiologic and case control studies have found a protective effect of dietary fiber against colon cancer that increase with intake. Therefore, the high fiber diet is healthy recommendation to prevent various gastrointestinal disorders

Gerakan Politik Tirto Adhi Soerjo

Tirto Adhi Soerjo also known as the pioneer leaders of national movement that is very smart, especially in the development of Indonesian nationalism. Tirto Adhi Soerjo think that the nation Indies united not by a common religion, ethnicity or blood ties, however, by their common experience as “the terperintah” --- colonization can exist as feudalism and control of economic resources by the Dutch company then because of the weak control of the gentry. Accordingly, the author uses qualitative research methods to approach social phenomena --- so that it appears clearly how complaints and suffering experienced by the people of the nation are voiced through Medan Prijaji also as a tool to promote and unite the nation in the travel process can produce results. Tirto Adhi Soerjo effort to raise awareness of his people through a more modern tool that can be seen as an awareness to the rise of liberation movements. Because the newspapers, is the idea of nationalism was first written and read and be forming early awareness of nationalism goes beyond differences of religion, ethnicity, and organization

Pengaruh Kenaikan Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak terhadap Kinerja USAhatani Padi di Sulawesi Tenggara

Rice is an agricultural commodity that has strategic value economic, environmental live, social and political aspect. Several governments, policies imply on production process immediately or not especially food crop. The research was done to know the impact of increasing price of fuel oil gas on farming system performance in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data were collected in Konawe and Kolaka as centre of rice production in Southeast Sulawesi. The result showed that there was in impact on agriculture tools especially tractor rent service, water pump, power thresher and RMU. As the effect on increasing price of fuel oil gas, tractor rent price increased to Rp 600.000 (50 %). Operational cost was fully been responsible for farmer, so the profit was better. The use of water pumps still low. Payment system for service of water pump is sharing holder system, 15 % for pump service and 85 % for farmer. There was no change on sharing composition; the profit obtained by farmer was more increase in relevant with increasing of price of agriculture commodity. The thresher service has change from 6.7 % to 9, 1 % and also service of RMU, 1 kg of 11 kg of rice was given to service hulling. Therefore, the effect of increasing fuel oil gas was burdened to farmer directly or indirectly, so the farmer position was still weak