Impact of Land Use Change and Land Management on Irrigation Water Supply in Northern Java Coast

In Indonesia, paddy irrigation covers an area of 7,230,183 ha. Ten percent (10%) of those area or 797,971 ha were supplied by reservoirs. As many as 237,790 ha (30%) of those area supplied by reservoirs are situated downstream of Citarum Watershed called Northern Java Coast Irrigation Area or Pantura. Therefore, Citarum watershed is one of the most important watershed in Indonesia. Citarum is also categorized as one of most degraded watershed in Java. The study aimed to evaluate influence of land use change on irrigation water supply in Citarum watershed and land management strategies to reduce the impact. Tremendous land use change occurred in the past ten years in Citarum watershed. Settlement areas increases more than a double during 2000 to 2009 (81,686 ha to 176,442 ha) and forest area decreased from 71,750 ha to 9,899 ha in the same time period. Land use change influences irrigation water supply through 2 factors: a) decreasing storage capacity of watershed (hydrologic functions) for dry season, and b) decreasing storage capacity of reservoirs due to the sedimentation. Change of Citarum  watershed hydrologic function was analyzed using 24 years’ time series discharge data (1984-2008) in combination with rainfall data from 2000 to 2008. Due to the land use change in this time period, discharge tend to decrease despite of increasing trendof rainfall. As a result irrigation area decreased 9,355 ha during wet season and 10,170 ha during dry season in the last ten years. Another threat for sustainability of water irrigation supply is reservoir sedimentation. Sedimentation rate in the past 10 years has reduced upper Citarum reservoir (Saguling) half-life period (½ capacity sedimented) from 294 to 28 years. If proper land management strategies be carried out, the half-life period of Saguling reservoir can be extended up to 86,4 yearsKeywords: Citarum watershed, improved land management, irrigation water supply, land use change, sedimentation [How to Cite: Tarigan SD and RK Tukayo. 2013. Impact of Land Use Change and Land Management on Irrigation Water Supply in Northern Java Coast. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 169-176. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.169][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.169]REFERENCESAsdak. 2004. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta (in Indonesian).BBWSC [Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum]. 2011.  Peta Informasi Citarum 2011.  Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air Departemen Pekerjaan Umum (in Indonesian).Bols PL. 1978. Iso Erodents Map of Java Madura. Technical  Assistant Project ATA 105. Soil Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia. 39 ppBPDAS [Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai] Citarum Ciliwung. 2008a. Pengelolaan DAS Terpadu – DAS Citarum (Buku I: Laporan utama). BPDAS Citarum Ciliwung, Ditjen RLPS Dephut. Bogor (in Indonesian).BPDAS [Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai] Citarum Ciliwung. 2008b. Pengelolaan DAS Terpadu – DAS Citarum (Buku II: Data dan Informasi). BPDAS Citarum-Ciliwung, Ditjen RLPS Dephut. Bogor (in Indonesian).Bruijnzeel LA.  2004. Hydrological functions of tropical forests: Not seeing the soil for the trees? Agric Ecosyst Environ 104: 185-228.Cita. 2012. Dua puluh dua (22) Hotspost in the Citarum River Basin. www.citarum.org. Accesed on 10 October 2012.ICWRM [Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management]. 2012.  Atlas Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Terpadu Wilayah Sungai Citarum. Cooperation between ADB and Bappenas (in Indonesian). Kimwaga RJ, F Bukirwa, N Banadda, UG Walic, I  Nhapi and DA Mashauri. 2012. Modelling the impact of land use changes on sediment loading into lakeVictoria using SWAT model: A Case of Simiyu Catchment Tanzania. Open Environ Eng J  5: 66-76.Legowo S, KI Hadihardaja and Azmeri. 2009.  Estimation of bank erosion due to reservoir operation in cascade  (Case Study: Citarum Cascade Reservoir). ITB J Eng Sci. 41: 148-166.Perum Jasa Tirta II. 2001. Pengalaman Mengelola Bendungan Besar Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda. Perum Jasa Tirta II. Jatiluhur (in Indonesian).Shi ZH, L Ai, NF Fang and HD Zhu. 2012. Modeling the impacts of integrated small watershed management on soil erosion and sediment delivery: A case study in the Three Gorges Area, China. J Hydrol 438: 156-167.Tukayo RK. 2011. Evaluasi Perubahan penggunaan lahan DAS Citarum dan dampaknya terhadap suplai air irigasi. [Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor (in Indonesian).Verhaeghe RJ, B. Adriaanse and SD Tarigan. 2010. Assessment of erosion sensitivity and watershed conservation interventions for Upper Citarum basin. TA 7189-INO: Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). 6Ci’s River Basin Territory, Component B2: Spatial planning.Wang G, H Jiang, Z Hu, L Wang and W Yue. 2012. Evaluating the effect of land use changes on soil erosion and sediment yield using a grid-based distributed modelling approach. Hydrol Processes 23: 35790-3592.Yan B., NF Fang, PC Zhang and ZH She.  2013. Impacts of land use change on watershed stream flow and sediment yield: An assessment using hydrologic modelling and partial least squares regression. J Hydrol 484: 26-37.Yang  H  H, O Jaafar, A El-Shafie and S Mastura, 2011. Impact of land-use changes toward base-flow regime in Lui and Langkat Dengkil sub-basin. Int J Phys Sci 6: 4690-4976. Zheng  H, L Zhang, R  Zhu, C  Liu, Y  Sato and Y Fukushima, 2009. Responses of streamflow to climate and land surface change in the headwaters of the Yellow River Basin. Water Resour Res 45 (W00A19). doi: 10.1029/2007WR006665

PERAN GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU MENOLONG SISWA

Perilaku menolong dalam kamus besar bahasa indonesia (KBBI) dijelaskan bahwa menolong berarti membantu untuk meringankan beban (penderitaan, kesukaran, dan sebagainya). Perilaku menolong dapat disebut juga perilaku prososial yaitu suatu tindakan menolong yang menguntungkan orang lain tanpa harus menyediakan suatu keuntungan langsung pada orang yang melakukan tindakan tersebut, bahkan melibatkan suatu resiko bagi orang yang menolong. Fenomena saat ini di kalangan remaja banyak sekali ditemukan remaja yang tidak mau menolong sesama individu, baik sesama teman atau lingkungan di sekitarnya. Dalam hal ini peran guru bimbngan dan konseling sangat berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan kepedulian tolong menolong siswa. Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan oleh guru bimbingan dan konseling yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik konseling teman sebaya. Kata Kunci: Peran guru bimbingan dan konseling, perilaku menolong, siswa

Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Debit Aliran di Sub DAS Cicatih

Cicatih is one of sub watershed which categorized as a good condition. However, if the land use allocation planning is not correctly, it is likely causing watershed degradation. The aim of this study was to assess land use changes and its influence on water discharging in Cicatih sub watershed. Some data were collected and analyzed including: rainfall, discharge, volume of discharge, flow regime coefficient (KRA), annual flow coefficient (KAT), land use change, and watershed conditions. There is a significant land use change in Cicatih sub watershed during period of 2009-2014. There are several significant increasing land uses, ie: dryland farming (77.26%), settlements (51.39%), and plantation (49.75%). Several significant decreasing land uses during the period, ie: scrub (96.78%), mixed dryland farming (78.74%), and rice field (74.50%). Land use changes in Cicatih sub watershed have an influence on the decreasing of watershed hydrological conditions. The value of KRA in the period 2009-2014 increase the category from medium (S) to very high (ST). In addition, the value of KAT also shows increase the category from medium (S) to high (T). The increase in dryland farming was due to large conversion of mixed dryland farming and scrub, settlements conversion from rice field and scrub, while the natural forest and plantations are converted from the scrub

Extraction and Analysis of Beta-carotene Recovery in CPO and Oil Palm Waste by Using HPLC

Beta-carotene is known to have a high demand in food industry which has made global industry to face challenges especially in fulfilling customers’ requirement that are looking for ‘‘environment friendly’’ and natural products. This has opened up wide opportunities in utilizing crude palm oil (CPO) and oil palm waste (OPW) as natural sources of beta-carotene. Thus, present study explains recovery of beta-carotene from CPO and OPW of palm pressed fiber (PPF) and empty fruit bunch (EFB). Initially, crude oil from solid OPW samples was extracted by soxhlet extraction. Then, recovered oil from both PPF and EFB along with CPO were used to extract palm carotene. Extraction of beta-carotene from CPO and OPW were performed by using soxhlet adsorption method. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed beta-carotene a a major carotene in extracted samples. Results obtained indicated that 3790 ppm of beta-carotene extracted from CPO, 1414 ppm from PPF and 702 ppm from EFB by this soxhlet adsorption method

Simulasi Manajemen Lahan di DAS Ciliwung Hulu Menggunakan Model Swat

INDONESIA Pengelolaan DAS merupakan masalah serius karena luas lahan kritis meningkat yang diakibatkan oleh pengelolaan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan kesesuaian dan kemampuannya dan tidak disertai dengan USAha konservasi tanah dan air, serta Perubahan pola penggunaan lahan bervegetasi. Pengukuran lapang parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap hidrologi suatu DAS tidak mudah dilakukan karena karakteristik yang bersifat kompleks dan komprehensif. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) merupakan suatu model yang dapat membantu dalam memperkirakan kondisi hidrologi berbasis proses fisik (physical based model). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui nilai validasi aplikasi model SWAT di sub DAS Ciliwung Hulu dan menentukan Pengelolaan Lahan Terbaik (PLT) pada lahan pertanian di sub DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data, pengolahan data input, penggunaan model SWAT, kalibrasi, validasi dan simulasi Pengelolaan Lahan Terbaik (PLT). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni 2011 sampai dengan Juni 2012. Validasi debit harian bulan Februari dan Maret tahun 2009 dan 2011 menunjukkan R 0,88 dan NSE 0,74. Nilai kalibrasi ini menunjukkan bahwa model SWAT dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kondisi hidrologi pada sub DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Aplikasi teras bangku, penanaman menurut kontur, penanaman menurut strip dan agroforestri dapat menurunkan aliran permukaan. Teras bangku terbukti paling efektif menurunkan aliran permukaan hingga 79,21%.INGGRI

Technological pedagogical content knowledge in South African mathematics classrooms: A secondary analysis of SITES 2006 data

This article reports on a secondary data analysis conducted on the South African mathematics teachers’ dataset of the Second Information Technology in Education Study (SITES 2006). The sample consisted of a stratified sample of 640 mathematics teachers from 504 randomly selected computer-using and non–computer-using schools that completed the SITES 2006 teachers’ questionnaire, which investigated their pedagogical use of Information Communication Technology (ICT). The purpose of the current investigation was to investigate the level of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of mathematics teachers, and how TPACK attributes contribute towards more effective Grade 8 mathematics teaching in South African schools, using the TPACK conceptual framework. The findings are presented according to the three clusters identified through the association between the main variables of the TPACK model and other variables on the SITES 2006 teachers’ questionnaire: (1) impact of ICT use, (2) teacher practices and (3) barriers. A Cramér V of between 0.3 and 0.4 was considered to signal a medium effect that tended towards practically significant association, and a Cramér V of 0.4 or larger was considered to signal a large effect with practically significant association. The results indicate that the TPACK of mathematics teachers contributes towards more effective Grade 8 mathematics teaching in South African schools