Quantum oscillations in a topological insulator Bi_{1-x}Sb_{x}

We have studied transport and magnetic properties of Bi_{1-x}Sb_x, which is believed to be a topological insulator - a new state of matter where an insulating bulk supports an intrinsically metallic surface. In nominally insulating Bi_{0.91}Sb_{0.09} crystals, we observed strong quantum oscillations of the magnetization and the resistivity originating from a Fermi surface which has a clear two-dimensional character. In addition, a three-dimensional Fermi surface is found to coexist, which is possibly due to an unusual coupling of the bulk to the surface. This finding demonstrates that quantum oscillations can be a powerful tool to directly probe the novel electronic states in topological insulators.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Level structures on the Weierstrass family of cubics

Let W -> A^2 be the universal Weierstrass family of cubic curves over C. For each N >= 2, we construct surfaces parametrizing the three standard kinds of level N structures on the smooth fibers of W. We then complete these surfaces to finite covers of A^2. Since W -> A^2 is the versal deformation space of a cusp singularity, these surfaces convey information about the level structure on any family of curves of genus g degenerating to a cuspidal curve. Our goal in this note is to determine for which values of N these surfaces are smooth over (0,0). From a topological perspective, the results determine the homeomorphism type of certain branched covers of S^3 with monodromy in SL_2(Z/N).Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages; added section giving a topological interpretation of the result

On Ptolemaic metric simplicial complexes

We show that under certain mild conditions, a metric simplicial complex which satisfies the Ptolemy inequality is a CAT(0) space. Ptolemy's inequality is closely related to inversions of metric spaces. For a large class of metric simplicial complexes, we characterize those which are isometric to Euclidean space in terms of metric inversions.Comment: 13 page

Superfluid Helium Orbital Resupply Coupling

The resupply of superfluid helium to satellites and other space-based experiment packages can increase the useful longevity of these devices far beyond their present life expectancies which are many times determined by the supply of helium coolant. The transfer of superfluid helium to spacecraft in space will require a reusable coupling that functions at 1.8 Kelvin with little heat leak and low pressure drop. Moog has designed the Helium Resupply Coupling to meet these operational requirements. Initially, the coupling manual mode operation will be demonstrated on orbit by an EVA crew member during the Space Shuttle borne Superfluid Helium On-Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) experiment. The ultimate application will use robotic (automatic) coupling operation to which the present design readily adapts. The utilization of Moog's exclusive Rotary Shut-Off (RSO) technology in the development of the Superfluid Helium Resupply Coupling is described. The coupling not only performs the function of a flow control valve and disconnect but also provides adequate safety features for a shuttle launched man-rated payload. In addition, the coupling incorporates the necessary features to provide the high thermal isolation of the internal flow path from the external environment

Oscillatory angular dependence of the magnetoresistance in a topological insulator Bi_{1-x}Sb_{x}

The angular-dependent magnetoresistance and the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are studied in a topological insulator Bi_{0.91}Sb_{0.09}, where the two-dimensional (2D) surface states coexist with a three-dimensional (3D) bulk Fermi surface (FS). Two distinct types of oscillatory phenomena are discovered in the angular-dependence: The one observed at lower fields is shown to originate from the surface state, which resides on the (2\bar{1}\bar{1}) plane, giving a new way to distinguish the 2D surface state from the 3D FS. The other one, which becomes prominent at higher fields, probably comes from the (111) plane and is obviously of unknown origin, pointing to new physics in transport properties of topological insulators.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, revised version with improved data and analysi

The diamagnetism above the superconducting transition in underdoped La(1.9)Sr(0.1)CuO(4) revisited: Chemical disorder or phase incoherent superconductivity?

The interplay between superconducting fluctuations and inhomogeneities presents a renewed interest due to recent works supporting an anomalous [beyond the conventional Gaussian-Ginzburg-Landau (GGL) scenario] diamagnetism above Tc in underdoped cuprates. This conclusion, mainly based in the observation of new anomalies in the low-field isothermal magnetization curves, is in contradiction with our earlier results in the underdoped La(1.9)Sr(0.1)CuO(4) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3157 (2000)]. These seemingly intrinsic anomalies are being presented in various influential works as a 'thermodynamic evidence' for phase incoherent superconductivity in the pseudogap regime, this last being at present a central and debated issue of the cuprate superconductors' physics. Here we have extended our magnetization measurements in La(1.9)Sr(0.1)CuO(4) to two samples with different chemical disorder, in one of them close to the one associated with the random distribution of Sr ions. For this sample, the corresponding Tc-distribution may be approximated as symmetric around the average Tc, while in the most disordered sample is strongly asymmetric. The comparison between the magnetization measured in both samples provides a crucial check of the chemical disorder origin of the observed diamagnetism anomalies, which are similar to those claimed as due to phase fluctuations by other authors. This conclusion applies also to the sample affected only by the intrinsic-like chemical disorder, providing then a further check that the intrinsic diamagnetism above the superconducting transition of underdoped cuprates is not affected by the opening of a pseudogap in the normal state. It is also shown here that once these disorder effects are overcome, the remaining precursor diamagnetism may be accounted at a quantitative level in terms of the GGL approach under a total energy cutoff.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. Minor corrections include

Coexistence of two- and three-dimensional Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in Ar^+ -irradiated KTaO_3

We report the electron doping in the surface vicinity of KTaO_3 by inducing oxygen-vacancies via Ar^+ -irradiation. The doped electrons have high mobility (> 10^4 cm^2/Vs) at low temperatures, and exhibit Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with both two- and three-dimensional components. A disparity of the extracted in-plane effective mass, compared to the bulk values, suggests mixing of the orbital characters. Our observations demonstrate that Ar^+ -irradiation serves as a flexible tool to study low dimensional quantum transport in 5d semiconducting oxides

Fitting Voronoi Diagrams to Planar Tesselations

Given a tesselation of the plane, defined by a planar straight-line graph $G$, we want to find a minimal set $S$ of points in the plane, such that the Voronoi diagram associated with $S$ "fits" \ $G$. This is the Generalized Inverse Voronoi Problem (GIVP), defined in \cite{Trin07} and rediscovered recently in \cite{Baner12}. Here we give an algorithm that solves this problem with a number of points that is linear in the size of $G$, assuming that the smallest angle in $G$ is constant.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Presented at IWOCA 2013 (Int. Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms), Rouen, France, July 201

Jensen-Shannon divergence as a measure of distinguishability between mixed quantum states

We discuss an alternative to relative entropy as a measure of distance between mixed quantum states. The proposed quantity is an extension to the realm of quantum theory of the Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) between probability distributions. The JSD has several interesting properties. It arises in information theory and, unlike the Kullback-Leibler divergence, it is symmetric, always well defined and bounded. We show that the quantum JSD (QJSD) shares with the relative entropy most of the physically relevant properties, in particular those required for a "good" quantum distinguishability measure. We relate it to other known quantum distances and we suggest possible applications in the field of the quantum information theory.Comment: 14 pages, corrected equation 1