Surgical treatment of complicated locally advanced tumors of the pelvic organs.

The article presents the experience of surgical treatment of 51 patients who were treated at the State Institution “V.T. Zaitsev Institute of General and Emergency Surgery NAMS of Ukraine" from 2008 to 2018. with locally advanced cancer of the pelvic organs. Compression of the upper and lower urinary tract with the formation of ureterohydronephrosis was observed in 26 (50.1%) patients, acute intestinal obstruction in 22 (43.1%) patients, and formation of recto-vesicular and/or recto-vaginal fistulas in 15 (29.4 %) patients; bleeding in 14 (27.5%) patients. In 26 (50.1%) patients, 2 or more complications were present. Syndromic differentiation of treatment determined the tactics of the combined treatment, taking into account the risk of complications, which made it possible to ensure the radical removal of the primary tumor, as well as to preserve functioning of the pelvic organs when using a staged surgical treatment

Plasmonic nanoparticle monomers and dimers: From nano-antennas to chiral metamaterials

We review the basic physics behind light interaction with plasmonic nanoparticles. The theoretical foundations of light scattering on one metallic particle (a plasmonic monomer) and two interacting particles (a plasmonic dimer) are systematically investigated. Expressions for effective particle susceptibility (polarizability) are derived, and applications of these results to plasmonic nanoantennas are outlined. In the long-wavelength limit, the effective macroscopic parameters of an array of plasmonic dimers are calculated. These parameters are attributable to an effective medium corresponding to a dilute arrangement of nanoparticles, i.e., a metamaterial where plasmonic monomers or dimers have the function of "meta-atoms". It is shown that planar dimers consisting of rod-like particles generally possess elliptical dichroism and function as atoms for planar chiral metamaterials. The fabricational simplicity of the proposed rod-dimer geometry can be used in the design of more cost-effective chiral metamaterials in the optical domain.Comment: submitted to Appl. Phys.

Anisotropic nanomaterials: structure, growth, assembly, and functions

Comprehensive knowledge over the shape of nanomaterials is a critical factor in designing devices with desired functions. Due to this reason, systematic efforts have been made to synthesize materials of diverse shape in the nanoscale regime. Anisotropic nanomaterials are a class of materials in which their properties are direction-dependent and more than one structural parameter is needed to describe them. Their unique and fine-tuned physical and chemical properties make them ideal candidates for devising new applications. In addition, the assembly of ordered one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) arrays of anisotropic nanoparticles brings novel properties into the resulting system, which would be entirely different from the properties of individual nanoparticles. This review presents an overview of current research in the area of anisotropic nanomaterials in general and noble metal nanoparticles in particular. We begin with an introduction to the advancements in this area followed by general aspects of the growth of anisotropic nanoparticles. Then we describe several important synthetic protocols for making anisotropic nanomaterials, followed by a summary of their assemblies, and conclude with major applications

Directing Cluster Formation of Au Nanoparticles from Colloidal Solution

Discrete clusters of closely spaced Au nanoparticles can be utilized in devices from photovoltaics to molecular sensors because of the formation of strong local electromagnetic field enhancements when illuminated near their plasmon resonance. In this study, scalable, chemical self-organization methods are shown to produce Au nanoparticle clusters with uniform nanometer interparticle spacing. The performance of two different methods, namely electrophoresis and diffusion, for driving the attachment of Au nanoparticles using a chemical cross-linker on chemically patterned domains of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) thin films are evaluated. Significantly, electrophoresis is found to produce similar surface coverage as diffusion in 1/6th of the processing time with an ~2-fold increase in the number of Au nanoparticles forming clusters. Furthermore, average interparticle spacing within Au nanoparticle clusters was found to decrease from 2-7 nm for diffusion deposition to approximately 1-2 nm for electrophoresis deposition, and the latter method exhibited better uniformity with most clusters appearing to have about 1 nm spacing between nanoparticles. The advantage of such fabrication capability is supported by calculations of local electric field enhancements using electromagnetic full-wave simulations from which we can estimate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancements. In particular, full-wave results show that the maximum SERS enhancement, as estimated here as the fourth power of the local electric field, increases by a factor of 100 when the gap goes from 2 to 1 nm, reaching values as large as 10(10), strengthening the usage of electrophoresis versus diffusion for the development of molecular sensors

Кістозні утворення яєчників у жінок: клінічні та морфологічні особливості.

У статті розглянуті клінічні і морфологічні особливості кістозних утворень яєчників у жінок Харківської області на підставі проведеного аналізу архівного матеріалу: виявлені частота поширеності, вікова характеристика, морфологічна картина пухлинних та пухлиноподібних кістозних утворень яєчників жінок Харківського регіону

Кістозні утворення яєчників у жінок: клінічні та морфологічні особливості.

Background. Cystic formations of ovaries are an urgent problem of medicine due to the high incidence of these diseases in women, the difficulties of differential diagnosis and a high percentage of diagnostic and tactical mistakes leading to disruption of reproductive function. Objective: to identify the clinical and morphological features of cystic formations of ovaries in women of Kharkiv region on the basis of the analysis of archival material. Methods. The material of this study was archival materials of pathological anatomy department of The Municipal Health Care Institution «Regional Clinical Hospital – The Center of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine» during 2013 y. 354 cases of histological examination of surgical material – deleted fragments of ovaries due to cystic formations or ovaries in complex with uterus and fallopian tubes due to leiomyoma of uterus – were analyzed. The slides, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, were studied on the microscope «Olympus BX-41». Digital data were processed using statistical methods of investigation. Results. 1. It was established that in women of Kharkiv region among all cystic formations of ovaries tumor-like processes (in order of frequency of occurrence – yellow bodies cysts, follicular cysts, simple cysts, endometrial cysts) occur 5.5 times more frequently in comparison with tumor processes (in order of frequency of occurrence – dermoid cysts, cystadenomas, cystadenocarcinoma). 2. Tumor and tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries occur 4.6 times more frequently in right ovary in comparison with the left. 3. Tumor and tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries were characterized by a certain age. Tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries were typical for younger women (average age of women – 31.03±0.49 year) and tumor cystic formations – for older women (average age of women – 37.70±1.53 years). Among all tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries yellow bodies cysts were typical for younger women, simple cysts – for older women. Among all tumor cystic formations of ovaries benign tumors (dermoid cyst, different variants of cystadenoma) were characteristic for younger women, malignant tumors of ovaries (cystadenocarcinoma) – for older women. Conclusion. These results confirm the relevance of the study: frequent occurrence of studied pathological processes, the young age of women with studied pathology, an opportunity to identify the pathological process at a younger age at the stage of benign growth and thus may prevent its transformation into a malignant tumor.В статье рассмотрены клинические и морфологические особенности кистозных образований яичников у женщин Харьковской области на основании проведенного анализа архивного материала: выявлены частота встречаемости, возрастная характеристика, морфологическая картина опухолевых и опухолеподобных кистозных образований яичников женщин Харьковского региона.У статті розглянуті клінічні і морфологічні особливості кістозних утворень яєчників у жінок Харківської області на підставі проведеного аналізу архівного матеріалу: виявлені частота поширеності, вікова характеристика, морфологічна картина пухлинних та пухлиноподібних кістозних утворень яєчників жінок Харківського регіону

Morphological features of the glomerular apparatus of fetuses and newborns kidneys in modeling different hypoxia.

Background. Hypoxia of fetus and newborn is one of the actual problems of neonatology. The urinary system is one of the most susceptible to the adverse effects of hypoxia. Objective: to identify the morphological features of the glomerular apparatus of kidneys in fetuses and newborns at modeling different types of hypoxia. Methods. In this study chronic intrauterine hypoxia, acute postnatal hypoxia and mixed hypoxia were modeled on rats. Histological and morphometrical methods of investigation were used. The slides were studied on the microscope «Olympus BX-41». Digital data were processed using statistical methods of investigation. Results. Chronic intrauterine hypoxia and mixed hypoxia lead to a decrease of the glomeruli number in kidneys of fetuses and newborns and slowdown of the maturation of the glomeruli. Acute postnatal hypoxia does not affect the number of glomeruli in kidneys of fetuses and newborns. Conclusion. Quantitative changes of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys in fetuses and newborns arising as a result of negative effect of chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia can lead in future to the development of various nephrology pathology in such children

Optimal ranges determination of morphological parameters of nanopatterned semiconductors quality for solar cells

Purpose: The paper aims to determine the values of the main morphological characteristics of nanopatterns, which can be considered as the reference for use as surfaces of solar cells. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses an approach based on the definition of reference indicators of nanopatterns for solar cells by analysing the main parameters of solar cells and comparing them with the possible values of morphological parameters. Correlations of pore radius and visible wavelength, porosity and visible range, wavelength of de Broglie, nanopatterned layer thickness and charge carriers diffusion length, etc., are analysed. Compliance verification of morphological characteristics of nanopatterns with the specified criteria was performed on the example of porous silicon layers. Findings: The conducted research allowed to define the basic values of morphological parameters of porous nanopatterns, namely porousness, pore size (effective diameter), the thickness of the porous layer, and form factor. Reference ranges of morphological parameters of nanopatterns formed on the surface of semiconductors for applications in solar cells are established. Research limitations/implications: The article is devoted to the choice of optimal morphological characteristics of porous nanopatterns on the surface of semiconductors for solar cells. However, for solar cells, other types of nanopatterns can also be applied, for which it is also necessary to develop methods for selecting optimal parameters. Moreover, the prospect of research on this topic is to check the intrusion into a certain range of values of real nanopatterns formed on the surface of semiconductors. Practical implications: In the article the methodology allowing to choose optimal values of morphological parameters of nanopatterns for its application for solar cells is considered. Such studies are of great practical importance for the production of high-quality solar cells based on nanopatterned semiconductors. Originality/value: The article for the first time considers the choice of the nanopattern type and the ranges of morphological parameters in terms of quality assurance of the final product - the solar cell. It is determined that it is necessary to take into account such factors as porousness, pore size, thickness of the porous layer and roundness. A range of optimal values is selected for each of the indicators