Yang-Baxter algebra and generation of quantum integrable models

An operator deformed quantum algebra is discovered exploiting the quantum Yang-Baxter equation with trigonometric R-matrix. This novel Hopf algebra along with its $q \to 1$ limit appear to be the most general Yang-Baxter algebra underlying quantum integrable systems. Three different directions of application of this algebra in integrable systems depending on different sets of values of deforming operators are identified. Fixed values on the whole lattice yield subalgebras linked to standard quantum integrable models, while the associated Lax operators generate and classify them in an unified way. Variable values construct a new series of quantum integrable inhomogeneous models. Fixed but different values at different lattice sites can produce a novel class of integrable hybrid models including integrable matter-radiation models and quantum field models with defects, in particular, a new quantum integrable sine-Gordon model with defect.Comment: 13 pages, revised and bit expanded with additional explanations, accepted for publication in Theor. Math. Phy

Neutrino scattering off pair-breaking and collective excitations in superfluid neutron matter and in color-flavor locked quark matter

We calculate the correlation functions needed to describe the linear response of superfluid matter, and go on to calculate the differential cross section for neutral-current neutrino scattering in superfluid neutron matter and in color-flavor locked quark matter (CFL). We report the first calculation of scattering rates that includes neutrino interactions with both pair-breaking excitations and low-lying collective excitations (Goldstone modes). Our results apply both above and below the critical temperature, allowing use in simulations of neutrino transport in supernovae and neutron stars.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure

The role of lighter and heavier embedded nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity of SiGe alloys

We have used an atomistic {\it ab initio} approach with no adjustable parameters to compute the lattice thermal conductivity of Si$_{0.5}$Ge$_{0.5}$ with a low concentration of embedded Si or Ge nanoparticles of diameters up to 4.4 nm. Through exact Green's function calculation of the nanoparticle scattering rates, we find that embedding Ge nanoparticles in $\text{Si}_{0.5}\text{Ge}_{0.5}$ provides 20% lower thermal conductivities than embedding Si nanoparticles. This contrasts with the Born approximation which predicts an equal amount of reduction for the two cases, irrespective of the sign of the mass difference. Despite these differences, we find that the Born approximation still performs remarkably well, and it permits investigation of larger nanoparticle sizes, up to 60 nm in diameter, not feasible with the exact approach.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Hamiltonian formalism of the DNLS equation with nonvanished boundary value

Hamiltonian formalism of the DNLS equation with nonvanishing boundary value is developed by the standard procedure.Comment: 11 page

Exact solution of Calogero model with competing long-range interactions

An integrable extension of the Calogero model is proposed to study the competing effect of momentum dependent long-range interaction over the original {1 \ov r^2} interaction. The eigenvalue problem is exactly solved and the consequences on the generalized exclusion statistics, which appears to differ from the exchange statistics, are analyzed. Family of dual models with different coupling constants is shown to exist with same exclusion statistics.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, 1 figure, hermitian variant of the model included, final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Algebraic approach in unifying quantum integrable models

A novel algebra underlying integrable systems is shown to generate and unify a large class of quantum integrable models with given $R$-matrix, through reductions of an ancestor Lax operator and its different realizations. Along with known discrete and field models a new class of inhomogeneous and impurity models are obtained.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, no figure, revised version to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett., 199

Oxidative stress in diabetic patients with retinopathy

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to induce oxidative stress along with deranging various metabolisms; one of the late complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of acquired blindness. Poor glycemic control and oxidative stress have been attributed to the development of complications like diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate oxidative stress marker, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidants (erythrocyte glutathione, vitamin C) along with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy.Materials and Methods: The study population comprised of 50 type 2 diabetics with retinopathy as Group 1 (G1) and 50 type 2 diabetics without retinopathy as Group 2 (G2) in the age group 40-70 years as patients, and 50 ageand gender-matched healthy individuals as controls, Group 3 (G3). FBS, HbA1c MDA, glutathione in erythrocytes, and vitamin C were assayed. Results were analyzed using SPSS 11.0, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: Mean FBS (mg/dl) were 194.04 ± 48.52 (G1), 181.24 ± 50.05 (G2), and 92.20 ± 9.19 (G3) (P < 0.001). Mean values of MDA were 6.65 ± 0.30 (G1), 4.63 ± 0.56 (G2), and 3.90 ± 0.34 (G3) (P < 0.001). The mean reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were (mg/g of Hb) 6.10 ± 1.41 (G1), 6.44 ± 1.53 (G2), and 13.09 ± 2.49 (G3) (P < 0.001). The mean vitamin C levels (mg/dl) were 0.70 ± 0.24 (G1), 0.87 ± 0.29 (G2), and 1.25 ± 0.27 (G3) (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Estimation of HbA1c, MDA, GSH in erythrocytes, and vitamin C levels can contribute to determine the extent of oxidative stress in diabetes and help in effective control and prevention of the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy.Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, glycosylated hemoglobin,  malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, vitamin