Enrichment of CH3F nuclear spin isomers by resonant microwave radiation

Theoretical model of the coherent control of nuclear spin isomers by microwave radiation has been developed. Model accounts the M-degeneracy of molecular states and molecular center-of-mass motion. The model has been applied to the 13CH3F molecules. Microwave radiation excites the para state (J=11,K=1) which is mixed by the nuclear spin-spin interaction with the ortho state (9,3). Dependencies of the isomer enrichment and conversion rates on the radiation frequency have been calculated. Both spectra consist of two resonances situated at the centers of allowed and forbidden (by nuclear spin) transitions in the molecule. Larger enrichment, up to 7%, can be produced by strong radiation resonant to the forbidden transition. The spin conversion rate can be increased by 2 orders of magnitude at this resonance.Comment: REVTEX, 14 pages + 6 eps figure

Эффективность флюоресцентной диагностики опухолевого поражения плевры с препаратом аласенс

The study of efficacy of thoracoscopy-assisted fluorescence diagnosis with Alasens is described in the article. The results of fluorescence diagnosis in 27 patients with suspicion on pleral tumor are represented. Before thoracoscopy-assisted fluorescence diagnosis in 21 patients according to radiological studies there was a fluid in pleural ca, in 19 patients of them tumor cells were found by cytological study of pleural fluid, in 10 patients differential diagnosis was performed between mesothelioma and adenogenic cancer. For fluorescence diagnosis fluorescence system by company Кarl Storz and xenon lamp with set of light filters was used: fluorescence study was performed by excitation at wavelength 380–460 nm. 3 h before investigation the patient received alasens per os in dose of 30 mg/kg body weight in 100 ml of water. For routine thoracoscopy tumor lesions were determined in 20 (87.0%) patients, other 3 (13.0%) patients had no tumors. In the group of patients with tumor lesions determined by routine thoracoscopy the fluorescence during fluorescence study was registered in all lesions determined in white light, besides this 24 additional foci of fluorescence were noticed, according to morphological study 21 of them had tumor nature, 3 lesions were inflammatory. In 1 of 3 patients with no lesion in white light there was one focus of fluorescence, morphological study proved the metastasis of adenocarcinoma in this area. According to morphological study of pleural biopsy specimens the true-positive results for fluorescence thoracoscopy accounted for 82, false-negative – 10, true-negative – 23, false-positive – 3. The sensitivity of the method was 89,1%, the specificity – 88,4%, the diagnostic accuracy – 88,9%. В статье отражены результаты изучения эффективности тораскопической флюоресцентной диагностики с препаратом аласенс. Приведены результаты флюоресцентного исследования у 23 пациентов с подозрением на опухолевое поражение плевры. До проведения торакоскопической флюоресцентной диагностики у 21 больного по результатам рентгенологического обследования определялась жидкость в плевральной полости, у 19 из них были выявлены опухолевые клетки при цитологическом исследовании плевральной жидкости, из них у 10 пациентов был проведен дифференциальный диагноз между мезотелиомой и аденогенным раком. При проведении флюоресцентной диагностики в качестве источника света использовали флюоресуцентную установку фирмы Карл Шторц, оснащенную ксеноновой лампой с набором светофильтров: флюоресцентное исследование проводилось при возбуждении в диапазоне длин волн 380–460 нм. За 3 ч до исследования пациент принимал внутрь препарат аласенс в дозе 30 мг/кг, растворенный в 100 мл воды. При стандартной торакоскопии опухолевые очаги зарегистрированы у 20 (87,0%) больных, у других 3 (13,0%) опухолевого поражения плевры не определялось. В группе пациентов с наличием опухолевого поражения по данным стандартной торакоскопии, при флюоресцентном исследовании зарегистрирована флюоресценция всех опухолевых очагов, определяемых при осмотре в белом свете, кроме этого было выявлено 24 дополнительных очага флюоресценции, из них в 21 случае морфологически подтверждена опухоль, в 3 – воспаление. У 1 из 3 больных, у которых в белом свете не определялось опухолевого поражения, был зарегистрирован один очаг флюоресценции, морфологическое исследование данного участка подтвердило наличие метастаза аденокарциномы. Всего по результатам морфологического исследования биоптатов плевры количество истинноположительных результатов при проведении флюоресцентной торакоскопии составило 82, ложноотрицательных – 10, истинноотрицательных – 23, ложноположительных – 3. Чувствительность метода составила 89,1%, специфичность – 88,4%, диагностическая точность – 88,9%. 

Минимальная альвеолярная концентрация угнетения дыхания для севофлурана

Objective: to provide a rationale for a need to introduce the new constant — the minimum alveolar concentration for respiratory depression (MACrespiratory depression) and to determine its value. Subjects and methods. Forty-three patients aged 20— 45 years, who had normal weight and ASA physical status I—II, were examined. All the patients underwent induction of sevorane anesthesia without narcotic analgesics, nitrous oxide, and myorelaxants. A laryngeal mask was installed after MAClm was achieved. Sevorane concentrations were increased on a vaporizer, by changing Etanesth at a rate of 0.2 vol% per min until Etanesthresp;ratory depression was achieved. Results. A rationale was provided for a need to introduce the new inhalation anesthesia constant MACrespiratory depression that is, in accordance with the MAC conception, regarded as the inhalation anesthetic concentration that necessitates assisted ventilation in 50% of the patients. MACrespiratory depression was 1.8 MAC. This is essentially more than both MAC and 1.3 MAC, the anesthetic concentration at which any operation can be performed in 90% of patients. At the same time, the derived value of 3.7 vol% is somewhat below MACbarr (4.07 vol%), which means that anesthesia with sevorane only under spontaneous respiration will be inadequate in few patients or its performance will be associated with the risk of hypoxia. Conclusion. The authors’ successively developed concept of anesthesia with preserved spontaneous respiration necessitates the introduction of the new inhalation anesthesia constant MACrespiratory depression. Its value is 3.7% vol% for sevoflurane. Key words: induction of anesthesia, minimum alveolar concentration, spontaneous respiration, inhalation anesthesia.Цель исследования — обоснование необходимости введения новой константы — МАКугнетения дыхания и определение ее величины. Материал и методы. Исследования выполнены у 43 пациентов в возрасте 20—45 лет, с нормальной массой тела и физическим статусом ASA I-II. Всем больным проводили вводный наркоз севораном, индукция исключала использование наркотических анальгетиков, закиси азота и мышечных релаксантов. После достижения MAClm устанавливали ларингеальную маску. Повышали концентрацию севорана на испарителе, добиваясь изменения Etanesth. со скоростью 0,2 об% в мин до достижения дыхания. Результаты. Обоснована необходимость введения новой константы ингаляционной анестезии — МАКугнетения дыхания, которая, в соответствии с концепцией МАК, рассматривается как «концентрация ингаляционного анестетика, вызывающая необходимость в проведении вспомогательной вентиляции у 50% пациентов». МАКугнетения дыхания составила 1,8 МАК. Это существенно больше и МАК и 1,3 МАК — концентрации анестетика, при которой возможно выполнение любой операции у 90% больных. Вместе с тем, полученная величина, 3,7 об%, несколько меньше МАКдарр (4,07 об%), а значит, у малого количества больных мононаркоз севораном в условиях спонтанного дыхания окажется неадекватным, или его проведение будет сопряжено с риском развития гипоксии. Заключение. Последовательно развиваемая нами концепция анестезии с сохраненным спонтанным дыханием, диктует необходимость введения новой константы ингаляционной анестезии — МАКугнетения дыхания. Ее величина для севофлурана составляет 3,7 об%. Ключевые слова: индукция в анестезию, МАК, спонтанное дыхание, ингаляционная анестезия

Deratization Activities in the Jewish Autonomous Region in the Post-Flooding Period

Represented is a quantitative characteristic of the objects and facilities in the Jewish Autonomous Region exposed to the flooding-2013. Justified is the necessity for implementation of preventive measures against increase in the activity of HFRS natural foci; showed are the data on disinfestation organization for the prevention of natural-focal infection during the high water and post-flooding period in 2013. Displayed are the results of deratization efficacy control in various administrative units of the entity, calculated using Abbot formula, as well as results of investigation of small rodent population density at the natural stations and substantiation of the barrier disinfestation carrying out. Specified are the areas of the continuous and barrier disinfestation, indicators of Hanta Virus contamination of the rodents caught while performing control over efficacy of deratization works

Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Rationally Designed Melanins as Novel Nature-Inspired Radioprotectors

Melanin, a high-molecular weight pigment that is ubiquitous in nature, protects melanized microorganisms against high doses of ionizing radiation. However, the physics of melanin interaction with ionizing radiation is unknown.We rationally designed melanins from either 5-S-cysteinyl-DOPA, L-cysteine/L-DOPA, or L-DOPA with diverse structures as shown by elemental analysis and HPLC. Sulfur-containing melanins had higher predicted attenuation coefficients than non-sulfur-containing melanins. All synthetic melanins displayed strong electron paramagnetic resonance (2.14.10(18), 7.09.10(18), and 9.05.10(17) spins/g, respectively), with sulfur-containing melanins demonstrating more complex spectra and higher numbers of stable free radicals. There was no change in the quality or quantity of the stable free radicals after high-dose (30,000 cGy), high-energy ((137)Cs, 661.6 keV) irradiation, indicating a high degree of radical stability as well as a robust resistance to the ionizing effects of gamma irradiation. The rationally designed melanins protected mammalian cells against ionizing radiation of different energies.We propose that due to melanin's numerous aromatic oligomers containing multiple pi-electron system, a generated Compton recoil electron gradually loses energy while passing through the pigment, until its energy is sufficiently low that it can be trapped by stable free radicals present in the pigment. Controlled dissipation of high-energy recoil electrons by melanin prevents secondary ionizations and the generation of damaging free radical species

A statistical framework for assessing pharmacological responses and biomarkers using uncertainty estimates

High-throughput testing of drugs across molecular-characterised cell lines can identify candidate treatments and discover biomarkers. However, the cells’ response to a drug is typically quantified by a summary statistic from a best-fit dose-response curve, whilst neglecting the uncertainty of the curve fit and the potential variability in the raw readouts. Here, we model the experimental variance using Gaussian Processes, and subsequently, leverage uncertainty estimates to identify associated biomarkers with a new Bayesian framework. Applied to in vitro screening data on 265 compounds across 1074 cancer cell lines, our models identified 24 clinically established drug-response biomarkers, and provided evidence for six novel biomarkers by accounting for association with low uncertainty. We validated our uncertainty estimates with an additional drug screen of 26 drugs, 10 cell lines with 8 to 9 replicates. Our method is applicable to any dose-response data without replicates, and improves biomarker discovery for precision medicine

Efficacy of fluorescence diagnosis for pleural tumors with alasens

The study of efficacy of thoracoscopy-assisted fluorescence diagnosis with Alasens is described in the article. The results of fluorescence diagnosis in 27 patients with suspicion on pleral tumor are represented. Before thoracoscopy-assisted fluorescence diagnosis in 21 patients according to radiological studies there was a fluid in pleural ca, in 19 patients of them tumor cells were found by cytological study of pleural fluid, in 10 patients differential diagnosis was performed between mesothelioma and adenogenic cancer. For fluorescence diagnosis fluorescence system by company Кarl Storz and xenon lamp with set of light filters was used: fluorescence study was performed by excitation at wavelength 380–460 nm. 3 h before investigation the patient received alasens per os in dose of 30 mg/kg body weight in 100 ml of water. For routine thoracoscopy tumor lesions were determined in 20 (87.0%) patients, other 3 (13.0%) patients had no tumors. In the group of patients with tumor lesions determined by routine thoracoscopy the fluorescence during fluorescence study was registered in all lesions determined in white light, besides this 24 additional foci of fluorescence were noticed, according to morphological study 21 of them had tumor nature, 3 lesions were inflammatory. In 1 of 3 patients with no lesion in white light there was one focus of fluorescence, morphological study proved the metastasis of adenocarcinoma in this area. According to morphological study of pleural biopsy specimens the true-positive results for fluorescence thoracoscopy accounted for 82, false-negative – 10, true-negative – 23, false-positive – 3. The sensitivity of the method was 89,1%, the specificity – 88,4%, the diagnostic accuracy – 88,9%. </p