Hamilton-Jacobi Theory and Moving Frames

The interplay between the Hamilton-Jacobi theory of orthogonal separation of variables and the theory of group actions is investigated based on concrete examples.Comment: This is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue on Integrable Systems and Related Topics, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA

The Logical Framework - A tool for the management of project planning and evaluation.

yesThis paper is a literature review of Logical Framework ideas for the management of the cycle for the planning and implementation of development projects - the "Project Cycle" (MacArthur 1994) The ideas and nature of the LogFrame (as it is generally called) are deceptively simple, with all the thinking and targets for a project represented in a simple 16 cell worksheet, which it is intended should be written on one or at the most two sheets of A4 paper. The underlying intention of this approach is for the objectives of a project or any other intervention to be explicitly defined from an early stage, so as to strengthen the logic of the planning at different levels of a project's performance, and the evaluation of progress when the plans are implemented. A summary matrix for the presentation of all this was first proposed in the US Government in 1970, and the idea not only soon took firm root there in AID, but has been adopted in original or modified form by a very large proportion of Development Assistance Agencies. The appeal of the simple logic behind the LogFrame idea has been very strong, and the ideas are an established part of all the set of tools of all development planners working at the micro level.ID-7098D - Project Planning and Financial Analysi

Stakeholder Roles and Stakeholder Analysis in Project Planning: A review of approaches in three agencies - World Bank, ODA and NRI .

yesStakeholder topics are one of the main ideas in development thinking that have been introduced in the last few years, certainly a concept of the 1990s. The use of stakeholder language and the application of analysis, planning and management methods directed towards different interest groups are increasingly becoming commonplace, especially amongst some anglophone donors, Three main general applications of stakeholder ideas have been developed in the literature: - the involvement of Stakeholders in Participatory methods of Development intended to achieve sustainable poverty relief; - the use of Stakeholder Analysis to assure the implementation soundness of development projects; and - its use as a means of understanding the many economic interests and processes that relate to "systems" for Natural Resource Management, this understanding to be applied in a number of developmentally beneficial uses.Naturally the three strands of applying stakeholder ideas draw from each other. This paper looks at the emergence of thinking and applications from them all, leading towards a more full consideration of the application of Stakeholder Analysis in the planning of projects of various kinds.ID-7098D - Project Planning and Financial Analysi

Entropy, Ergodicity and Stem Cell Multipotency

Populations of mammalian stem cells commonly exhibit considerable cell-cell variability. However, the functional role of this diversity is unclear. Here, we analyze expression fluctuations of the stem cell surface marker Sca1 in mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells using a simple stochastic model and find that the observed dynamics naturally lie close to a critical state, thereby producing a diverse population that is able to respond rapidly to environmental changes. We propose an information-theoretic interpretation of these results that views cellular multipotency as an instance of maximum entropy statistical inference.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Profile of etravirine for the treatment of HIV infection

Etravirine is a second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with the advantages of in vitro potency against many strains of virus resistant to efavirenz and nevirapine, as well as a higher genetic barrier to resistance. Etravirine is indicated for use in treatment-experienced patients, and the approved dose in adults is 200 mg twice daily. Etravirine should be administered after a meal as bioavailability is significantly reduced when taken in the fasting state. Etravirine is a substrate of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase, and induces CYP3A4, weakly inhibits CYP2C9 and moderately inhibits CYP2C19. Etravirine may be coadministered with nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, raltegravir and boosted darunavir, lopinavir, and saquinavir without dosage adjustment. Etravirine should not be given with other NNRTIs, unboosted protease inhibitors, and atazanavir/ritonavir, tipranavir/ritonavir, and fosamprenavir/ritonavir due to unfavorable drug interactions. In randomized, controlled trials, twice daily etravirine combined with darunavir/ritonavir plus optimized background therapy demonstrated better efficacy compared to darunavir/ritonavir plus optimized background therapy alone in treatment-experienced populations out to 96 weeks follow-up. The main etravirine-associated toxicity is mild to moderate self-limiting rash, although severe and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Etravirine offers a potent sequencing option after the development of resistance to first-line NNRTIs, and is a welcome addition to this established drug class

Characterization of Selected Nineteenth-Century Southern Ontario Domestic Earthenwares by Chemical Analysis

The elemental analysis of the glaze from domestic earthenwares at four kilns, including that of the David Burns Pottery, has been carried out in an attempt to establish an identification scheme for each pottery. No clear-cut identification for each of the four groups was found, although it seems possible to distinguish between glazed pottery from the David Burns and the Streetsville kilns and between pottery from the New Hamburg and the Egmondville kilns, on the basis of specific elemental concentrations. Résumé L'article présente les résultats d'une analyse des composants de la glaçure de faïences provenant de quatre fours différents, dont celui de la David Burns Pottery. Cette analyse avait pour but d'établir une méthode d'identification pour chaque sorte de poterie. Les auteurs rapportent que les résultats ne permettent pas de délimiter avec précision chacun des quatre groupes, même s'il semble possible défaire des distinctions entre la poterie à glaçure provenant des fours de David Burns et de Streetsville et entre la poterie des fours de New Hamburg et d'Egmondville d'après la concentration particulière des composants

Knots, Braids and Hedgehogs from the Eikonal Equation

The complex eikonal equation in the three space dimensions is considered. We show that apart from the recently found torus knots this equation can also generate other topological configurations with a non-trivial value of the $\pi_2(S^2)$ index: braided open strings as well as hedgehogs. In particular, cylindric strings i.e. string solutions located on a cylinder with a constant radius are found. Moreover, solutions describing strings lying on an arbitrary surface topologically equivalent to cylinder are presented. We discus them in the context of the eikonal knots. The physical importance of the results originates in the fact that the eikonal knots have been recently used to approximate the Faddeev-Niemi hopfions.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure