«MEMORYI» OF TSAR PITER (About collections time of Piter in funds National museum of Karelia Republic)

Статья посвящена раритетному собранию петровского времени, из фондов Национального музея Республики Карелия. Это продукция Петровского завода: чугунные артиллерийские орудия, ядра, мирские «била», вериги для «умерщвления плоти», цилиндрические печи. Значительная часть предметов относится к памятникам Поморского круга, включая образцы «мелкой пластики». Интересны памятные чугунные плиты Г.В. Геннина об открытии лечебного источника и строительстве дворца Петра I в Марциальных водах, первом российском курорте. Особо отметим нумизматическое собрание, которое включает медные и серебряные монеты чекана России и Голландской Республики.The article is devoted (dedicated) to the rare collection of the time of Peter the Great from the funds of the National Museum of the Republic of Karelia. These are the products of the Petrovsky Plant: cast-iron artillery pieces, cannonballs, mundane “beats”, chains for “mortification of the flesh”, cylindrical furnaces. A significant part of the objects belongs to the Pomeranian circle, including samples of “small plastic art”. The commemorative cast-iron plates by G.V. Gennin about the discovery of a healing spring and the construction of the palace of Peter the Great in the Marcial Waters, the first Russian resort, are of interest. We especially note the numismatic collection, which includes copper and silver coins minted in Russia and the Dutch Republic

Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for nutrient status identification in rapeseed plants

In natural conditions, plants growth and development depends on environmental conditions, including the availability of micro- and macroelements in the soil. Nutrient status should thus be examined not by establishing the effects of single nutrient deficiencies on the physiological state of the plant but by combinations of them. Differences in the nutrient content significantly affect the photochemical process of photosynthesis therefore playing a crucial role in plants growth and development. In this work, an attempt was made to find a connection between element content in (i) different soils, (ii) plant leaves, grown on these soils and (iii) changes in selected chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, in order to find a method for early detection of plant stress resulting from the combination of nutrient status in natural conditions. To achieve this goal, a mathematical procedure was used which combines principal component analysis (a tool for the reduction of data complexity), hierarchical k-means (a classification method) and a machine-learning method-super-organising maps. Differences in the mineral content of soil and plant leaves resulted in functional changes in the photosynthetic machinery that can be measured by chlorophyll a fluorescent signals. Five groups of patterns in the chlorophyll fluorescent parameters were established: the ‘no deficiency’, Fe-specific deficiency, slight, moderate and strong deficiency. Unfavourable development in groups with nutrient deficiency of any kind was reflected by a strong increase in F_{o} and \DeltaV/\Deltat_{0} and decline in \phi_{Po}, \phi_{Eo} \delta_{Ro} and \phi_{Ro}. The strong deficiency group showed the suboptimal development of the photosynthetic machinery, which affects both PSII and PSI. The nutrient-deficient groups also differed in antenna complex organisation. Thus, our work suggests that the chlorophyll fluorescent method combined with machine-learning methods can be highly informative and in some cases, it can replace much more expensive and time-consuming procedures such as chemometric analyses

Многоуровневые инъекции ботулинического токсина типа А (Абоботулотоксина) при лечении спастических форм детского церебрального паралича: ретроспективное исследование опыта 8 российских центров

Background: The contemporary application of Botulinum toxin A (BTA) in cerebral palsy (CP) implies multilevel injections both in on-label and off-label muscles. However, there is no single international opinion on the effective and safe dosages, target muscles, and intervals between the injections.Objective: Our aim was to analyze the Russian multicenter independent experience of single and repeated multilevel injections of Abobotulinum toxin А in patients with spastic forms of CP.Methods: 8 independent referral CP-centers (10 hospitals) in different regions of Russia. Authors evaluated intervals between the injections, dosages of the BTA for the whole procedure, for the body mass, for the each muscle, and functional segment of the extremities.Results: 1872 protocols of effective BTA injections (1–14 repeated injections) for 724 patients with spastic CP were included. The age of the patients was between 8 months to 17 years 4 months at the beginning of the treatment (with a mean of 3 years 10 months). Multilevel BTA injections were indicated for the majority (n = 634, 87.6%) of the patients in all the centers. The medians of the dosages for the first BTA injection were between 30–31 U/kg (500 U), the repeated injections doses up to 45 U/kg (1000 U) (in most centers). The median intervals between the repeated injections were 180–200 days in 484 (66.9%) patients and 140–180 days in 157 (24.7%) patients. In 2 centers, children with GMFCS IV–V were injected more often than others.Conclusion: Multilevel BTA injections were indicated for the most patients. The initial dose of Abobotulinum toxin A was 30–31 U/kg. The repeated injections dose could increase up to 40 U/kg. The repeated injections were done in 140–200 days after the previous injection.Современная концепция ботулинотерапии при детском церебральном параличе (ДЦП) предлагает использование многоуровневых инъекций в расширенное число мышц. Однако по-прежнему отсутствует консенсус относительно выбора оптимальных доз, мышц и интервалов между инъекциями.Цель исследования: изучить российский опыт применения однократных и повторных многоуровневых инъекций абоботулотоксина при лечении спастичности у пациентов с ДЦП.Методы: в ретроспективном исследовании проанализирован опыт ботулинотерапии при ДЦПв 8 специализированных центрах России. Изучали протоколы клинически эффективных инъекций. Оценивали общие дозы препарата БТА, дозы на единицу массы тела пациентов, на всю инъекционную сессию и отдельные мышцы, а также интервалы между инъекциями.Результаты: изучено 1872 протокола клинически эффективных инъекций, всего от 1 до 14 повторных инъекций, сделанных 724 пациентам в возрасте от 8 мес до 17 лет 4 мес (медиана возраста на момент первой инъекции БТА — 3 года 10 мес) на момент начала ботулинотерапии. Большинство пациентов (n = 634; 87,6% инъекций) получили многоуровневую ботулинотерапию. Во всех центрах при первичных инъекциях БТА медиана доз находилась в пределах 30–31 Ед/кг массы тела (общая — 500 Ед). При повторных инъекциях в большинстве учреждений максимальные дозы превышали 45 Ед/кг (1000 Ед). Средние интервалы между повторными инъекциями колебались в пределах 140–180 сут для 157 (24,7%) и 180–200 сут для 484 (66,9%) пациентов. В 2 из 8 центров пациенты с наиболее выраженными двигательными нарушениями (GMFCS IV–V) требовали более частых повторных инъекций БТА.Заключение: в специализированных центрах большинству пациентов с ДЦП ботулинотерапию проводили по многоуровневой схеме. Общая доза абоботулотоксина при первичных инъекциях составляла 30–31 Ед/кг; при повторных инъекциях она могла быть увеличена до 40 Ед/кг и более. Вопрос о повторном проведении инъекции БТА рассматривался в интервале 140–200 сут после предшествующей инъекции

A Foreigner with the “russian Face” and a Fortress on the Lake Onega Shore (On the role of W.I. Gennin, Commandant of Olonets district)

Статья посвящена строительству комендантом В.И. Генниным в 1712–1715 гг. на земле Шуйского погоста в Олонецком уезде, 6-бастионной деревоземляной крепости. С использованием «Чертежа» М.М. Витвера начала 1720-х гг. анализируются особенности цитадели у Петровского металлургического завода. автор поднимает вопрос о геометрическом соответствии крепости у Онежского озера c деревоземляной Петропавловской крепостью на Неве. К середине XVIII в. заводская фортеция утратила военно-политический смысл и была уничтожена.The article is dedicated to the construction of six bastion earth and timber fortress by Commandant W.I. Gennin in 1712–1715. The fortress was erected on the land of Shuisky pogost in Olonets district. Using the «Drawing» by M.M. Witver at the beginning of the 1720s, the peculiarities of the citadel at Petrovsky metallurgical plant are analyzed. The author raises the question of the geometric correspondence of the fortress near Lake Onega with the earth and timber Peter and Paul fortress on the Neva river. By the middle of the XVIII century, the factory fortress had lost its military and political importance and was destroyed

Cell cultures in biocompatibility assessment of new materials for bone implants

The extended life expectancy and the increasing number of overweight people place bone diseases among the most serious health and social problems of our time. To meet this challenge there is a need for advanced new ma­terials for bone implants that maximally resemble the properties and behaviour of natural bones as well as ex­perimental designs to evaluate their biological activity. The aim of our study was to assess the cytocompatibili­ty of different classes of scaffolds for bone implants, including fine calcium phosphate powders, composite ma­terials, cements, and bacterial cellulose-based materials. Murine (bone marrow cells, cell cultures from bone ex­plants, BALB/c 3T3 and L929 fibroblasts) and human (Lep-3 and MRC-5 fibroblasts) cells were used as model sys­tems in our investigations. The effect of the materials on cell viability and proliferation was evaluated in direct (the cells were seeded on the material surface) and/or indirect (the cells were cultured in a medium where the ma­terials were incubated for various periods of time) experiments by the MTT test (the gold standard for cytotox­icity assessment), neutral red uptake cytotoxicity assay, double staining with acridine orange and propidium io­dide, SEM, Comet assay, Annexin V (FITC assay, alkaline phosphatase activity assay, alizarin red staining. The results obtained revealed that: the cell cultures used as model systems in our investigations have different advan­tages and disadvantages and provide complementary information on the biological activity of materials. Some of the examined scaffolds show promising biocompatibility and require additional studies on their osteoinductivi­ty and osteoconductivity

Multilevel Botulinum Toxin A (Abobotulinum Toxin A) Injections in Spastic Forms of Cerebral Palsy: Retrospective Analysis of 8 Russian Centers Experience

Background: The contemporary application of Botulinum toxin A (BTA) in cerebral palsy (CP) implies multilevel injections both in on-label and off-label muscles. However, there is no single international opinion on the effective and safe dosages, target muscles, and intervals between the injections.Objective: Our aim was to analyze the Russian multicenter independent experience of single and repeated multilevel injections of Abobotulinum toxin А in patients with spastic forms of CP.Methods: 8 independent referral CP-centers (10 hospitals) in different regions of Russia. Authors evaluated intervals between the injections, dosages of the BTA for the whole procedure, for the body mass, for the each muscle, and functional segment of the extremities.Results: 1872 protocols of effective BTA injections (1–14 repeated injections) for 724 patients with spastic CP were included. The age of the patients was between 8 months to 17 years 4 months at the beginning of the treatment (with a mean of 3 years 10 months). Multilevel BTA injections were indicated for the majority (n = 634, 87.6%) of the patients in all the centers. The medians of the dosages for the first BTA injection were between 30–31 U/kg (500 U), the repeated injections doses up to 45 U/kg (1000 U) (in most centers). The median intervals between the repeated injections were 180–200 days in 484 (66.9%) patients and 140–180 days in 157 (24.7%) patients. In 2 centers, children with GMFCS IV–V were injected more often than others.Conclusion: Multilevel BTA injections were indicated for the most patients. The initial dose of Abobotulinum toxin A was 30–31 U/kg. The repeated injections dose could increase up to 40 U/kg. The repeated injections were done in 140–200 days after the previous injection