27,456 research outputs found
Pottsian LFG
Potts (2005) provides an elegant and influential approach to the syntax and semantics of a wide range of 'parenthetical' constructions, including various kinds of supplementals/appositives and expressives, which have not received much attention in the LFG literature. The prospect of wholesale importation of Pottsian analyses for such constructions is appealing. However, there are (as Potts himself notes) problems with his approach from a resource sensitive perspective, such as is often assumed in LFG approaches to the syntax semantics interface. Potts sketches, but does not develop, a way of overcoming these problems. In this paper we attempt to develop his proposal and explore ways in which it can be implemented in the architecture of LFG. For exemplification, we focus on supplemental ('appositive', non-restrictive) relative clauses in English. A side effect of our discussion is thus a proposal for an LFG analysis of this construction, which appears to have been neglected hitherto
Resource Splitting and Reintegration with Supplementals
In this paper we survey the various ways of expressing modality in Urdu/Hindi and show that Urdu/Hindi modals provide interesting insights on current discussions of the semantics of modality. There are very few dedicated modals in Urdu/Hindi: most of which has been arrived at constructionally via a combination of a certain kind of verb with a certain kind of embedded verb form and a certain kind of case. Among the range of constructions yielded by such combinations, there is evidence for a two-place modal operator in addition to the one-place operator usually assumed in the literature. We also discuss instances of the Actuality Entailment, which had been shown to be sensitive to aspect, but in Urdu/Hindi appears to be sensitive to aspect only some of the time, depending on the type of modal verb. Indeed, following recent proposals by Ramchand (2011), we end up with a purely lexical account of modality and the Actuality Entailment, rather than the structural one put forward by Hacquard (2010)
Affected experiencers and mixed semantics in LFG/Glue
Bosse, Bruening and Yamada (2012) (BBY) provides a study of several constructions involving ?non-selected? arguments, and outlines an approach to the syntax and semantics of one such construction: the Affected Experiencer (AE) construction. The syntactic analysis relies on abstract functional projections and particular assumptions about configurational syntax. We show how an account may be given without these syntactic assumptions. Semantically, BBY argue that AEs may contribute both at issue content and conventional implicatures, which raises interesting issues for the approach of e.g. Potts (2005). We explore some consequences of their semantic analysis and show that it faces a number of difficulties
Expanded mixed multiscale finite element methods and their applications for flows in porous media
We develop a family of expanded mixed Multiscale Finite Element Methods
(MsFEMs) and their hybridizations for second-order elliptic equations. This
formulation expands the standard mixed Multiscale Finite Element formulation in
the sense that four unknowns (hybrid formulation) are solved simultaneously:
pressure, gradient of pressure, velocity and Lagrange multipliers. We use
multiscale basis functions for the both velocity and gradient of pressure. In
the expanded mixed MsFEM framework, we consider both cases of separable-scale
and non-separable spatial scales. We specifically analyze the methods in three
categories: periodic separable scales, - convergence separable scales, and
continuum scales. When there is no scale separation, using some global
information can improve accuracy for the expanded mixed MsFEMs. We present
rigorous convergence analysis for expanded mixed MsFEMs. The analysis includes
both conforming and nonconforming expanded mixed MsFEM. Numerical results are
presented for various multiscale models and flows in porous media with shales
to illustrate the efficiency of the expanded mixed MsFEMs.Comment: 33 page
Pesin's Formula for Random Dynamical Systems on
Pesin's formula relates the entropy of a dynamical system with its positive
Lyapunov exponents. It is well known, that this formula holds true for random
dynamical systems on a compact Riemannian manifold with invariant probability
measure which is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. We
will show that this formula remains true for random dynamical systems on
which have an invariant probability measure absolutely continuous to the
Lebesgue measure on . Finally we will show that a broad class of
stochastic flows on of a Kunita type satisfies Pesin's formula.Comment: 35 page
Uranium(III) coordination chemistry and oxidation in a flexible small-cavity macrocycle
U(III) complexes of the conformationally flexible, small-cavity macrocycle trans-calix[2]benzene[2]pyrrolide (L)2–, [U(L)X] (X = O-2,6-tBu2C6H3, N(SiMe3)2), have been synthesized from [U(L)BH4] and structurally characterized. These complexes show binding of the U(III) center in the bis(arene) pocket of the macrocycle, which flexes to accommodate the increase in the steric bulk of X, resulting in long U–X bonds to the ancillary ligands. Oxidation to the cationic U(IV) complex [U(L)X][B(C6F5)4] (X = BH4) results in ligand rearrangement to bind the smaller, harder cation in the bis(pyrrolide) pocket, in a conformation that has not been previously observed for (L)2–, with X located between the two ligand arene rings
Real-time Chern-Simons term for hypermagnetic fields
If non-vanishing chemical potentials are assigned to chiral fermions, then a
Chern-Simons term is induced for the corresponding gauge fields. In thermal
equilibrium anomalous processes adjust the chemical potentials such that the
coefficient of the Chern-Simons term vanishes, but it has been argued that
there are non-equilibrium epochs in cosmology where this is not the case and
that, consequently, certain fermionic number densities and large-scale
(hypermagnetic) field strengths get coupled to each other. We generalise the
Chern-Simons term to a real-time situation relevant for dynamical
considerations, by deriving the anomalous Hard Thermal Loop effective action
for the hypermagnetic fields, write down the corresponding equations of motion,
and discuss some exponentially growing solutions thereof.Comment: 13 page
High-energy gluon bremsstrahlung in a finite medium: harmonic oscillator versus single scattering approximation
A particle produced in a hard collision can lose energy through
bremsstrahlung. It has long been of interest to calculate the effect on
bremsstrahlung if the particle is produced inside a finite-size QCD medium such
as a quark-gluon plasma. For the case of very high-energy particles traveling
through the background of a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma, it is known how
to reduce this problem to an equivalent problem in non-relativistic
two-dimensional quantum mechanics. Analytic solutions, however, have always
resorted to further approximations. One is a harmonic oscillator approximation
to the corresponding quantum mechanics problem, which is appropriate for
sufficiently thick media. Another is to formally treat the particle as having
only a single significant scattering from the plasma (known as the N=1 term of
the opacity expansion), which is appropriate for sufficiently thin media. In a
broad range of intermediate cases, these two very different approximations give
surprisingly similar but slightly differing results if one works to leading
logarithmic order in the particle energy, and there has been confusion about
the range of validity of each approximation. In this paper, I sort out in
detail the parametric range of validity of these two approximations at leading
logarithmic order. For simplicity, I study the problem for small alpha_s and
large logarithms but alpha_s log << 1.Comment: 40 pages, 23 figures [Primary change since v1: addition of new
appendix reviewing transverse momentum distribution from multiple scattering
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