РАЗРАБОТКА ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И НОРМАТИВНОЙ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ НА ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩАЮЩИЙ ПРОДУКТ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ БРОККОЛИ

The aim of the present investigation was development of an efficient technology for obtaining powders from fresh broccoli; determination of the possibility of using domestic production of broccoli as an import-substituting product; development of regulatory documentation for broccoli powders for the food industry. The research was carried out jointly with the representatives of the Federal Scientific cen-ter of vegetable production on an experimental basis in 2016. The domestic Tonus variety of broccoli (Federal Scientific center of vegetable production) and the Maraton F1 hybrid (France), differing in appearance, vegetative period, biochemical and physical characteristics were chosen. Technology of broccoli powder production from domestic and imported products was developed using two methods of drying convection and lyophilization. The gentle drying conditions of broccoli freeze drying compared to convective drying technology provided higher content of both vitamin C and polyphenols in the final powder. Comparative studies of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties of powders obtained from domestic and imported broccoli demonstrated close quality parameters, indicating the possibility of effective domestic broccoli utilization and import substitution. For the first time in the Russian Federation, the "Organization Standard" was developed for regulation of the quality parameters of broccoli powders intended for use in the food industry.Цель данных исследований заключалась в разработке эффективной технологии получения порошков из свежей капусты брокколи; установлении возможности использования брокколи отечественного производства как импортозаме-щающего продукта; разработке нормативной документации на порошки брокколи для использования в пищевой промыш-ленности. Исследования проводили совместно с представителями ФГБНУ ВНИИССОК на экспериментальной базе в посевной период 2016 года. К исследованиям принята капуста брокколи: отечественный сорт Тонус (селекции ФГБНУ ВНИИССОК) и гибрид Маратон F1 (производитель Франция), различающиеся по внешним признакам, продолжительности вегетации, биохимическим и физическим характеристикам. Технология порошков брокколи из сырья отечественного и импортного производств осуществлена с применением двух способов сушки – конвективной и лиофильной. Щадящие условия высушивания свежего продукта при лиофильной сушке обеспечивали повышенное содержание в конечном порошке как витамина С, так и полифенолов по сравнению с порошками конвективной сушки. Сравнительными исследованиями органолептических и физико-химических свойств порошков, полученных из сырья разного происхождения, установлены близкие показатели качества, что является обоснованием для использования отечественного сырья в качестве импортозамещающего. Впервые в Российской Федерации разработан «Стандарт организации», призванный регламентировать показатели качества порошков брокколи, предназначенных для использования в пищевой промышленности

Structure of the Nucleotide Radical Formed during Reaction of CDP/TTP with the E441Q-α2β2 of E. coli Ribonucleotide Reductase

The Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the conversion of nucleoside diphosphates to deoxynucleotides and requires a diferric-tyrosyl radical cofactor for catalysis. RNR is composed of a 1:1 complex of two homodimeric subunits: α and β. Incubation of the E441Q-α mutant RNR with substrate CDP and allosteric effector TTP results in loss of the tyrosyl radical and formation of two new radicals on the 200 ms to min time scale. The first radical was previously established by stopped flow UV/vis spectroscopy and pulsed high field EPR spectroscopy to be a disulfide radical anion. The second radical was proposed to be a 4′-radical of a 3′-keto-2′-deoxycytidine 5′-diphosphate. To identify the structure of the nucleotide radical [1′-[superscript 2]H], [2′-[superscript 2]H], [4′-[superscript 2]H], [5′-[superscript 2]H], [U−[superscript 13]C, [superscript 15]N], [U−[superscript 15]N], and [5,6 -[superscript 2]H] CDP and [β-[superscript 2]H] cysteine-α were synthesized and incubated with E441Q-α2β2 and TTP. The nucleotide radical was examined by 9 GHz and 140 GHz pulsed EPR spectroscopy and 35 GHz ENDOR spectroscopy. Substitution of [superscript 2]H at C4′ and C1′ altered the observed hyperfine interactions of the nucleotide radical and established that the observed structure was not that predicted. DFT calculations (B3LYP/IGLO-III/B3LYP/TZVP) were carried out in an effort to recapitulate the spectroscopic observations and lead to a new structure consistent with all of the experimental data. The results indicate, unexpectedly, that the radical is a semidione nucleotide radical of cytidine 5′-diphosphate. The relationship of this radical to the disulfide radical anion is discussed.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (GM29595)(EB002804)(EB002026

Environmental Chamber Studies of Atmospheric Reactivities of Volatile Organic Compounds: Effects of Varying Chamber and Light Source

Photochemical oxidant models are essential tools for assessing effects of emissions changes on ground-level ozone formation. Such models are needed for predicting the ozone impacts of increased alternative fuel use. The gas-phase photochemical mechanism is an important component of these models because ozone is not emitted directly, but is formed from the gas-phase photochemical reactions of the emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) in air. The chemistry of ground level ozone formation is complex; hundreds of types of VOCs being emitted into the atmosphere, and most of their atmospheric reactions are not completely understood. Because of this, no chemical model can be relied upon to give even approximately accurate predictions unless it has been evaluated by comparing its predictions with experimental data. Therefore an experimental and modeling study was conducted to assess how chemical mechanism evaluations using environmental chamber data are affected by the light source and other chamber characteristics. Xenon arc lights appear to give the best artificial representation of sunlight currently available, and experiments were conducted in a new Teflon chamber constructed using such a light source. Experiments were also conducted in an outdoor Teflon Chamber using new procedures to improve the light characterization, and in Teflon chambers using blacklights. These results, and results of previous runs other chambers, were compared with model predictions using an updated detailed chemical mechanism. The magnitude of the chamber radical source assumed when modeling the previous runs were found to be too high; this has implications in previous mechanism evaluations. Temperature dependencies of chamber effects can explain temperature dependencies in chamber experiments when Ta-300{degree}K, but not at temperatures below that

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND REGULATORY DOCUMENTATION ON PROCESSED BROCCOLI PRODUCT

The aim of the present investigation was development of an efficient technology for obtaining powders from fresh broccoli; determination of the possibility of using domestic production of broccoli as an import-substituting product; development of regulatory documentation for broccoli powders for the food industry. The research was carried out jointly with the representatives of the Federal Scientific cen-ter of vegetable production on an experimental basis in 2016. The domestic Tonus variety of broccoli (Federal Scientific center of vegetable production) and the Maraton F1 hybrid (France), differing in appearance, vegetative period, biochemical and physical characteristics were chosen. Technology of broccoli powder production from domestic and imported products was developed using two methods of drying convection and lyophilization. The gentle drying conditions of broccoli freeze drying compared to convective drying technology provided higher content of both vitamin C and polyphenols in the final powder. Comparative studies of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties of powders obtained from domestic and imported broccoli demonstrated close quality parameters, indicating the possibility of effective domestic broccoli utilization and import substitution. For the first time in the Russian Federation, the "Organization Standard" was developed for regulation of the quality parameters of broccoli powders intended for use in the food industry

Application of vegetable secondary selenium accumulators for enriching bakery products

For the development of functional purpose bakery products broccoli powder or leek powder enriched with selenium were added to wheat flour. Domestic crops such as broccoli (Tonus variety) and leek (Premier variety) were used as plant raw materials. In the process of growing plants technology of enrichment with selenium was used. Developed bakery products containing enriched powders are functional products, satisfying the daily need for selenium from 14% to 32%

Development of a Next-Generation Environmental Chamber Facility for Chemical Mechanism and VOC Reactivity Research

A new state-of-the-art indoor environmental chamber facility for the study of atmospheric processes leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been constructed and characterized. The chamber is designed for atmospheric chemical mechanism evaluation at low reactant concentrations under well-controlled environmental conditions. It consists of two collapsible 90 m3 FEP Teflon film reactors on pressure-controlled moveable frameworks inside a temperature-controlled enclosure flushed with purified air. Solar radiation is simulated with either a 200 kW Argon arc lamp or multiple blacklamps. Results of initial characterization experiments, all carried out under dry conditions, concerning NOx and formaldehyde offgasing, radical sources, particle loss rates, and background PM formation are described. Results of initial single organic - NOx and simplified ambient surrogate - NOx experiments to demonstrate the utility of the facility for mechanism evaluation under low NOx conditions are summarized and compared with the predictions of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism. Overall, the results of the initial characterization and evaluation indicate that this new environmental chamber can provide high quality mechanism evaluation data for experiments with NOx levels as low as ~2 ppb, though the results indicate some problems with the gas-phase mechanism that need further study. Initial evaluation experiments for SOA formation, also carried out under dry conditions, indicate that the chamber can provide high quality secondary aerosol formation data at relatively low hydrocarbon concentrations