548 research outputs found
Out of equilibrium correlations in the XY chain
We study the transversal XY spin-spin correlations in the non-equilibrium
steady state constructed in \cite{AP03} and prove their spatial exponential
decay close to equilibrium
Quasi-one-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model in a transverse magnetic field
The phase diagram of weakly coupled chains in a transverse magnetic
field is studied using the mean-field approximation for the interchain coupling
and known exact results for an effective one-dimensional model. Results are
applied to the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet and the
value of interchain interaction in this compound is estimated.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Out of equilibrium correlation functions of quantum anisotropic XY models: one-particle excitations
We calculate exactly matrix elements between states that are not eigenstates
of the quantum XY model for general anisotropy. Such quantities therefore
describe non equilibrium properties of the system; the Hamiltonian does not
contain any time dependence. These matrix elements are expressed as a sum of
Pfaffians. For single particle excitations on the ground state the Pfaffians in
the sum simplify to determinants.Comment: 11 pages, no figures; revtex. Minor changes in the text; list of
refs. modifie
Polymer multilayer tattooing for enhanced DNAÂ vaccination
DNA vaccines have many potential benefits but have failed to generate robust immune responses in humans. Recently, methods such as in vivo electroporation have demonstrated improved performance, but an optimal strategy for safe, reproducible, and pain-free DNA vaccination remains elusive. Here we report an approach for rapid implantation of vaccine-loaded polymer films carrying DNA, immune-stimulatory RNA, and biodegradable polycations into the immune-cell-rich epidermis, using microneedles coated with releasable polyelectrolyte multilayers. Films transferred into the skin following brief microneedle application promoted local transfection and controlled the persistence of DNA and adjuvants in the skin from days to weeks, with kinetics determined by the film composition. These ‘multilayer tattoo’ DNA vaccines induced immune responses against a model HIV antigen comparable to electroporation in mice, enhanced memory T-cell generation, and elicited 140-fold higher gene expression in non-human primate skin than intradermal DNA injection, indicating the potential of this strategy for enhancing DNA vaccination.Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Investigator)Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and HarvardNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH AI095109)United States. Dept. of Defense. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (contract W911NF-07-D-0004)United States. Dept. of Defense. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (contract W911NF-07-0004
Critical properties of Sudden Quench Dynamics in the anisotropic XY Model
We study the zero temperature quantum dynamical critical behavior of the
anisotropic XY chain under a sudden quench in a transverse field. We
demonstrate theoretically that both quench magnetic susceptibility and
two-particle quench correlation can be used to describe the dynamical quantum
phase transition (QPT) properties. Either the quench magnetic susceptibility or
the derivative of correlation functions as a function of initial magnetic field
exhibits a divergence at the critical points when final magnetic field
is fixed. A special case that final magnetic field is just at the critical
point is discussed separately. Some of the critical exponents of the dynamical
QPT are obtained and the long-range correlation of the quench system is
analyzed. We also compare our result with that of the static QPT.Comment: published on EPJ
Study of Loschmidt Echo for a qubit coupled to an XY-spin chain environment
We study the temporal evolution of a central spin-1/2 (qubit) coupled to the
environment which is chosen to be a spin-1/2 transverse XY spin chain. We
explore the entire phase diagram of the spin-Hamiltonian and investigate the
behavior of Loschmidt echo(LE) close to critical and multicritical point(MCP).
To achieve this, the qubit is coupled to the spin chain through the anisotropy
term as well as one of the interaction terms. Our study reveals that the echo
has a faster decay with the system size (in the short time limit) close to a
MCP and also the scaling obeyed by the quasiperiod of the collapse and revival
of the LE is different in comparison to that close to a QCP. We also show that
even when approached along the gapless critical line, the scaling of the LE is
determined by the MCP where the energy gap shows a faster decay with the system
size. This claim is verified by studying the short-time and also the collapse
and revival behavior of the LE at a quasicritical point on the ferromagnetic
side of the MCP. We also connect our observation to the decoherence of the
central spin.Comment: Accepted for publication in EPJ
Entanglement in a simple quantum phase transition
What entanglement is present in naturally occurring physical systems at
thermal equilibrium? Most such systems are intractable and it is desirable to
study simple but realistic systems which can be solved. An example of such a
system is the 1D infinite-lattice anisotropic XY model. This model is exactly
solvable using the Jordan-Wigner transform, and it is possible to calculate the
two-site reduced density matrix for all pairs of sites. Using the two-site
density matrix, the entanglement of formation between any two sites is
calculated for all parameter values and temperatures. We also study the
entanglement in the transverse Ising model, a special case of the XY model,
which exhibits a quantum phase transition. It is found that the next-nearest
neighbour entanglement (though not the nearest-neighbour entanglement) is a
maximum at the critical point. Furthermore, we show that the critical point in
the transverse Ising model corresponds to a transition in the behaviour of the
entanglement between a single site and the remainder of the lattice.Comment: 14 pages, 7 eps figure
Magnetic and quadrupolar order in a one-dimensional ferromagnet with cubic crystal-field anisotropy
The zero temperature phase diagram of a one-dimensional S=2 Heisenberg
ferromagnet with single-ion cubic anisotropy is studied numerically using the
density-matrix renormalization group method. Evidence is found that although
the model does not involve quadrupolar couplings, there is a purely quadrupolar
phase for large values of the anisotropy. The phase transition between the
magnetic and quadrupolar phases is continuous and it seems to be characterized
by Ising critical exponents.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, REVTeX, accepted in Phys. Rev. B (scheduled on
June 99
Generation of Effector Memory T Cell-Based Mucosal and Systemic Immunity with Pulmonary Nanoparticle Vaccination
Many pathogens infiltrate the body and initiate infection via mucosal surfaces. Hence, eliciting cellular immune responses at mucosal portals of entry is of great interest for vaccine development against mucosal pathogens. We describe a pulmonary vaccination strategy combining Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists with antigen-carrying lipid nanocapsules [interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles (ICMVs)], which elicit high-frequency, long-lived, antigen-specific effector memory T cell responses at multiple mucosal sites. Pulmonary immunization using protein- or peptide-loaded ICMVs combined with two TLR agonists, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and monophosphoryl lipid A, was safe and well tolerated in mice, and led to increased antigen transport to draining lymph nodes compared to equivalent subcutaneous vaccination. This response was mediated by the vast number of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the lungs. Nanocapsules primed 13-fold more T cells than did equivalent soluble vaccines, elicited increased expression of mucosal homing integrin α4β7+, and generated long-lived T cells in both the lungs and distal (for example, vaginal) mucosa strongly biased toward an effector memory (TEM) phenotype. These TEM responses were highly protective in both therapeutic tumor and prophylactic viral vaccine settings. Together, these data suggest that targeting cross-presentation–promoting particulate vaccines to the APC-rich pulmonary mucosa can promote robust T cell responses for protection of mucosal surfaces.Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Investigator)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (AI095109)United States. Dept. of Defense (contract W911NF-07-D-0004)Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and HarvardNational Cancer Institute (U.S.)David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT (Koch Institute Support (core) Grant P30-CA14051
Density-Matrix Spectra of Solvable Fermionic Systems
We consider non-interacting fermions on a lattice and give a general result
for the reduced density matrices corresponding to parts of the system. This
allows to calculate their spectra, which are essential in the DMRG method, by
diagonalizing small matrices. We discuss these spectra and their typical
features for various fermionic quantum chains and for the two-dimensional
tight-binding model.Comment: 12 pages and 9 figure
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