A hybrid MLP-PNN architecture for fast image superresolution

Proceedings of Joint International Conference ICANN/ICONIP 2003 Istanbul, Turkey, June 26–29, 2003The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44989-2_50Image superresolution methods process an input image sequence of a scene to obtain a still image with increased resolution. Classical approaches to this problem involve complex iterative minimization procedures, typically with high computational costs. In this paper is proposed a novel algorithm for superresolution that enables a substantial decrease in computer load. First, a probabilistic neural network architecture is used to perform a scattered-point interpolation of the image sequence data. The network kernel function is optimally determined for this problem by a multi-layer perceptron trained on synthetic data. Network parameters dependence on sequence noise level is quantitatively analyzed. This super-sampled image is spatially filtered to correct finite pixel size effects, to yield the final high-resolution estimate. Results on a real outdoor sequence are presented, showing the quality of the proposed method.This work has been partially supported by TIC2001-0572-C02-02 gran

Trisomy 21 dysregulates T cell lineages toward an autoimmunity-prone state associated with interferon hyperactivity

Trisomy 21 (T21) causes Down syndrome (DS), a condition characterized by high prevalence of autoimmune disorders. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving this phenotype remain unclear. Building upon our previous finding that T cells from people with DS show increased expression of interferon (IFN)stimulated genes, we have completed a comprehensive characterization of the peripheral T cell compartment in adults with DS with and without autoimmune conditions. CD8+ T cells from adults with DS are depleted of naïve subsets and enriched for differentiated subsets, express higher levels of markers of activation and senescence (e.g., IFN-γ, Granzyme B, PD-1, KLRG1), and overproduce cytokines tied to autoimmunity (e.g., TNF-α). Conventional CD4+ T cells display increased differentiation, polarization toward the Th1 and Th1/17 states, and overproduction of the autoimmunity-related cytokines IL-17A and IL-22. Plasma cytokine analysis confirms elevation of multiple autoimmunity-related cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL17A–D, IL-22) in people with DS, independent of diagnosis of autoimmunity. Although Tregs are more abundant in DS, functional assays show that CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells with T21 are resistant to Treg-mediated suppression, regardless of Treg karyotype. Transcriptome analysis of white blood cells and T cells reveals strong signatures of T cell differentiation and activation that correlate positively with IFN hyperactivity. Finally, mass cytometry analysis of 8 IFN-inducible phosphoepitopes demonstrates that T cell subsets with T21 show elevated levels of basal IFN signaling and hypersensitivity to IFN-α stimulation. Therefore, these results point to T cell dysregulation associated with IFN hyperactivity as a contributor to autoimmunity in DS.Fil: Araya, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Waugh, Katherine A.. University Of Colorado. School Of Medicine.; Estados UnidosFil: Sullivan, Kelly D.. University Of Colorado. School Of Medicine.; Estados UnidosFil: Núñez, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Roselli, Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Smith, Keith P.. University Of Colorado. School Of Medicine.; Estados UnidosFil: Granrath, Ross E.. University Of Colorado. School Of Medicine.; Estados UnidosFil: Rachubinski, Angela L.. University of Colorado; Estados UnidosFil: Enriquez Estrada, Belinda. University Of Colorado. School Of Medicine.; Estados UnidosFil: Butcher, Eric T.. University of Colorado; Estados UnidosFil: Minter, Ross. University of Colorado; Estados UnidosFil: Tuttle, Kathryn D.. University of Colorado; Estados UnidosFil: Bruno, Tullia C.. University Of Colorado. School Of Medicine.; Estados UnidosFil: Maccioni, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Espinosa, Joaquín M.. University Of Colorado. School Of Medicine.; Estados Unido

Characterization of circulating T cells in people with and without Down syndrome

Triplication of human chromosome 21, or trisomy 21 (T21), causes the condition known as Down syndrome (DS). People with DS show a markedly different disease spectrum relative to typical people, being highly predisposed to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, while being protected from other conditions, such as most solid malignancies. Interestingly, people with DS are affected by high rates of autoimmune disorders, whereby the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. We performed an exhaustive characterization of the T cells of people with DS, demonstrating many alterations in this key immune cell type that could explain their high risk of autoimmunity