Surgical site infections post cesarean section

Background: Surgical site infections are among the most common hospital acquired infections. They make upto 14-16% of inpatient infections. Objective of present study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with surgical site infections and the bacteria causing wound infections in obstetric operations and the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern of the pathogens isolated.Methods: 100 women with wound infection during hospital stay or within 30 days following surgery. Pus samples were collected from the wound site with help of sterile swabs under aseptic precautions and immediately transported to microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity.Results: Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-25 years, contributing to 55% of the cases. Majority of the women are from rural areas (71%). 57% of the cases were unbooked. 90% of the SSI were seen in emergency surgeries. Anaemia (48%) was the most common medical risk factor followed by hypertensive disorders 25%. The risk of post operative infection has been shown to be proportional to volume of blood loss during cesarean section and duration of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus to be predominant organism of wound infection of which 21% were MRSA followed by Klebsiella and E.coli. The gram negative isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin followed by 22.5% to third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides.Conclusions: Proper assessment of risk factors that predispose to SSI is critical for the development of strategies for reducing the incidence of SSI and for identifying high risk patients requiring intensive postoperative surveillance.

Solution to Some Open Problems on E-super Vertex Magic Total Labeling of Graphs

Let G be a finite graph with p vertices and q edges. A vertex magic total labeling is a bijection f from V(G)∪E(G) to the consecutive integers 1, 2, ..., p+q with the property that for every u∈V(G) , f( u)+ ∑f(uv)=K for some constant k. Such a labeling is E-super if f :E(G)→{1, 2,..., q}. A graph G is called E-super vertex magic if it admits an E-super vertex magic labeling. In this paper, we solve two open problems given by Marimuthu, Suganya, Kalaivani and Balakrishnan (Marimuthu et al., 2015)

Impact of different levels of iron on mitigation of iron chlorosis in varagu CO 3 (Paspalum scrobiculatum. L)

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a major nutritional disorder in crops growing in calcareous soils. Varagu crop are more susceptible to (Fe) deficiency in the early stage of growth and the deficiency is exhibited as chlorosis developing interveinally in the new leaves.  The objective of the present study was to see the impact of different levels iron on mitigation of chlorosis in varagu, Paspalum scrobiculatum under calcareous soil and to investigate the influence of soil and foliar application of iron on growth, physiological and improvement of yield potential of varagu under calcareous soil condition. The varagu variety CO3 taken for this study The treatments comprised T1, NPK (44:22:0 kg ha-1) + 12.5 t  FYM/ha,T2, NPK (44:22:30 kg ha-1) +12.5 t FYM/ha, T3, T1 + Soil application of FeSO4   (25 kg ha-1), T4, T2 + Soil application of FeSO4 (25 kg ha-1), T5, T1 + Soil application of FeSO4 (50 kg ha-1), T6, T2 + Soil application of FeSO4 (50 kg ha-1), T7, T3 + Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4, T8, T4 + Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4, T9,T5 + Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4, T10,  T6 + Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4. During experimentation, morphological characteristics, growth attributes, physiological and biochemical components and biomass traits determined the mitigation of iron chlorosis. The iron deficiency in varagu was effectively controlled by T10, soil treatment 50 kg ha-1 FeSO4 and foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4 applied on the 30th and 50th days after sowing through maintaining highest growth parameter values, maximum catalase and peroxidase activity and maintaining more chlorophyll content

Cross-sectional study to evaluate various cardiovascular manifestations in pregnant women with preeclampsia using 2d echocardiogram

Preeclampsia is one of the most frequent complications found in pregnancy. Preeclampsia was initially thought to cause poor long-term cardiovascular outcomes, but recent studies have shown its effect to be more early and severe. Aims: To reduce the morbidity and mortality for all patients with hypertension in pregnancy through any cardiovascular problem that is directly caused by hypertension in pregnancy Methods: it is a cross-sectional and observational study of pregnant women with preeclampsia in the reproductive age group (15–44 years) diagnosed with preeclampsia in the antenatal ward/HDU/MICU at Niloufer hospital were evaluated with 2d echo on diagnosis and a follow up 2d echo after delivery was done and changes in 2d echo were noted, patients with prior changes in 2d echo have been excluded from the study. About 113 preeclamptic patients were studied and further classified as non-severe and severe preeclampsia, and their results were compared. Results: This study shows significant cardiovascular dynamics changes in subjects with preeclampsia (both severe and non-severe) which can be studied by 2 D echo. Non-severe preeclampsia was associated with more normal birth weight. This was found statistically significant in our study. IUD and early neonatal death were more associated with severe preeclampsia when compared to non-severe preeclampsia, which was found statistically significant. Conclusions: Early identification of preeclamptic patients at higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications later in life by undergoing timely echocardiography

A Linear Approximation for the Excitation Energies of single and double analog states in the f_{7/2} shell

We find that the excitation energies of single analog states for odd-even nuclei in the f$_{7/2}$ shell with J=j=7/2$^{-}$ and the J=0$^{+}$ double analog states in the even-even nuclei are well described by the formulas $E^{*}(j,T+1) = b (T+X)$ and $E^{*}(0^{+},T+2) = 2b (T+X+0.5)$,respectively, where $T=\mid N-Z\mid /2$ is usually the ground state isospin. It is remarkable to note that the parameter X accounts for the departures from the symmetry energy based predictions.Comment: 8 pages and no figure

The Interference Term between the Spin and Orbital Contributions to M1 Transitions

We study the cross-correlation between the spin and orbital parts of magnetic dipole transitions M1 in both isoscalar and isovector channels. In particular, we closely examine certain cases where $\sum B(M1)$ is very close to $\sum B(M1)_{\sigma} + \sum B(M1)_l$, implying a cancellation of the summed interference terms. We gain some insight into this problem by considering special cases approaching the SU(3) limit, and by examining the behaviour of single-particle transitions at the beginning and towards the end of the s-d shell.Comment: 9 pages of latex file and no figure

Surgical site infections post cesarean section

Background: Surgical site infections are among the most common hospital acquired infections. They make upto 14-16% of inpatient infections. Objective of present study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with surgical site infections and the bacteria causing wound infections in obstetric operations and the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern of the pathogens isolated.Methods: 100 women with wound infection during hospital stay or within 30 days following surgery. Pus samples were collected from the wound site with help of sterile swabs under aseptic precautions and immediately transported to microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity.Results: Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-25 years, contributing to 55% of the cases. Majority of the women are from rural areas (71%). 57% of the cases were unbooked. 90% of the SSI were seen in emergency surgeries. Anaemia (48%) was the most common medical risk factor followed by hypertensive disorders 25%. The risk of post operative infection has been shown to be proportional to volume of blood loss during cesarean section and duration of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus to be predominant organism of wound infection of which 21% were MRSA followed by Klebsiella and E.coli. The gram negative isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin followed by 22.5% to third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides.Conclusions: Proper assessment of risk factors that predispose to SSI is critical for the development of strategies for reducing the incidence of SSI and for identifying high risk patients requiring intensive postoperative surveillance.

Study of transcerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference ratio in prediction of foetal growth restriction in high risk pregnancies

Background: The high incidence of IUGR and its low recognition lead to increasing perinatal morbidity and mortality for which prediction of IUGR with timely management decisions is of paramount importance. Many studies have compared the efficacy of several gestational age independent parameters and found that TCD/AC is a better predictor of asymmetric IUGR. Aims: To study the trans cerebellar diameter / abdominal circumference ratio values in clinically suspected FGR and high-risk cases of pregnant women after 28 weeks. Materials and methods: A prospective study consisting of 100 antenatal women was conducted in pregnant women with clinically suspected FGR and high risk pregnancies after 28 weeks.  Results: The most common gestational age group taken for evaluation of TCD/AC ratio was in between 30-36 weeks. Preeclampsia is the major predisposing factor of FGR i.e. 46%, and 30 % of cases were under unknown cause. The mean TCD/AC ratio in FGR cases is 17 .33 +/- 0.23. The cut-off value of TCD/AC ratio was 15.77. TCD/AC ratio has 98% positive predictive value when compared to FL/AC and HC/AC. LSCS rate is high in FGR cases (58 %).&nbsp

Effect of water deficit on relationship between yield and physiological attributes of banana cultivars and hybrids

This study examined the relationship between the yield reduction by chlorophyll stability index (CSI), membrane stability index (MSI), and relative water content (RWC). The field experiment was conducted at National Research Centre for Banana to screen the banana cultivars and hybrids for water deficit tolerance and to elucidate information on the growth attributes mechanism of banana cultivars and hybrids. Water stress was imposed at different critical growth stages viz., 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th months after planting. The stress was given by scheduling irrigation at the 50% available soil moisture (ASM) during critical stages. The soil moisture content was analyzed by using pressure plate membrane apparatus. In control plots, the irrigation was given at the ASM of 80% with the soil water potential of about -6 bars. In stressed plots, the irrigation was given at 50% ASM with a soil water potential of -14 bars. In stressed plots, 50% ASM was reached around 30 days. The present study was conducted with twelve cultivars and hybrids with three replications. The data were analyzed by using a split-plot design. The results revealed that the cultivars of Karpuravalli, Karpuravalli x Pisang Jajee, Saba, and Sannachenkathali recorded significantly higher yields (67.3, 52.4, 55.8, and 41.3 t ha-1) and the magnitude of yield was decreased by 12% than the cultivars and hybrids of Matti, Pisang Jajee x Matti, Matti x Anaikomban and Anaikomban x Pisang Jajee (14.9, 11.1, 10.3 and 10.6 t/ha). Similarly, Karpuravalli, Karpuravalli x Pisang Jajee, Saba, and Sannachenkathali recorded significantly high relative water content, chlorophyll stability index, and membrane stability index with lesser reduction percent shown than the cultivars and hybrids of Matti, Pisang Jajee x Matti, Matti x Anaikomban and Anaikomban x Pisang Jajee.ICAR, FA