Hilbert Space of Isomorphic Representations of Bosonized Chiral QCD2QCD_2

We analyse the Hilbert space structure of the isomorphic gauge non-invariant and gauge invariant bosonized formulations of chiral $QCD_2$ for the particular case of the Jackiw-Rajaraman parameter $a = 2$. The BRST subsidiary conditions are found not to provide a sufficient criterium for defining physical states in the Hilbert space and additional superselection rules must to be taken into account. We examine the effect of the use of a redundant field algebra in deriving basic properties of the model. We also discuss the constraint structure of the gauge invariant formulation and show that the only primary constraints are of first class.Comment: LaTeX, 19 page

The Quantum Dynamics of Heterotic Vortex Strings

We study the quantum dynamics of vortex strings in N=1 SQCD with U(N_c) gauge group and N_f=N_c quarks. The classical worldsheet of the string has N=(0,2) supersymmetry, but this is broken by quantum effects. We show how the pattern of supersymmetry breaking and restoration on the worldsheet captures the quantum dynamics of the underlying 4d theory. We also find qualitative matching of the meson spectrum in 4d and the spectrum on the worldsheet.Comment: 13 page

Parity properties of an advection-dominated solar \alpha^2\Om-dynamo

We have developed a high-precision code which solves the kinematic dynamo problem both for given rotation law and meridional flow in the case of a low eddy diffusivity of the order of $10^{11}$ cm$^2$/s known from the sunspot decay. All our models work with an \alf-effect which is positive (negative) in the northern (southern) hemisphere. It is concentrated in radial layers located either at the top or at the bottom of the convection zone. We have also considered an \alf-effect uniformly distributed in all the convection zone. In the present paper the main attention is focused on i) the parity of the solution, ii) the form of the butterfly diagram and iii) the phase relation of the resulting field components. If the helioseismologically derived internal solar rotation law is considered, a model without meridional flow of high magnetic Reynolds number (corresponding to low eddy diffusivity) fails in all the three issues in comparison with the observations. However, a meridional flow with equatorial drift at the bottom of the convection zone of few meters by second can indeed enforce the equatorward migration of the toroidal magnetic field belts similar to the observed butterfly diagram but, the solution has only a dipolar parity if the (positive) \alf-effect is located at the base of the convection zone rather than at the top. We can, therefore, confirm the main results of a similar study by Dikpati & Gilman (2001).Comment: 9 pages, 16 figures, to appear on Astronomy and Astrophysic

Mean magnetic field generation in sheared rotators

A generalized mean magnetic field induction equation for differential rotators is derived, including a compressibility, and the anisotropy induced on the turbulent quantities from the mean magnetic field itself and a mean velocity shear. Derivations of the mean field equations often do not emphasize that there must be anisotropy and inhomogeneity in the turbulence for mean field growth. The anisotropy from shear is the source of a term involving the product of the mean velocity gradient and the cross-helicity correlation of the isotropic parts of the fluctuating velocity and magnetic field, \lb{\bfv}\cdot{\bfb}\rb^{(0)}. The full mean field equations are derived to linear order in mean fields, but it is also shown that the cross-helicity term survives to all orders in the velocity shear. This cross-helicity term can obviate the need for a pre-existing seed mean magnetic field for mean field growth: though a fluctuating seed field is necessary for a non-vanishing cross-helicity, the term can produce linear (in time) mean field growth of the toroidal field from zero mean field. After one vertical diffusion time, the cross-helicity term becomes sub-dominant and dynamo exponential amplification/sustenance of the mean field can subsequently ensue. The cross-helicity term should produce odd symmetry in the mean magnetic field, in contrast to the usually favored even modes of the dynamo amplification in sheared discs. This may be important for the observed mean field geometries of spiral galaxies. The strength of the mean seed field provided by the cross- helicity depends linearly on the magnitude of the cross-helicity.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, matches version accepted to ApJ, minor revision

Thermofield Quantum Electrodynamics in 1 + 1 Dimensions at Finite Chemical Potential: A Bosonization Approach

The recent generalization of the Lowenstein-Swieca operator solution of Quantum Electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions to finite temperature in Thermofield Dynamics is further generalized to include a non-vanishing chemical potential. The operator solution to the Euler-Lagrange equations respecting the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition is constructed. Two forms of this condition and their associated solutions are discussed. The correlation functions of an arbitrary number of chiral densities are computed in the thermal theta-vacuum

Soft-sediment deformation below mammoth tracks at White Sands National Monument (New Mexico) with implications for biomechanical inferences from tracks

Implicit in any biomechanical analysis of tracks (footprints), whatever the animal, is the assumption that depth distribution within the track reflects the applied plantar pressure in some way. Here we describe sub-track deformation structures produced by Proboscidea (probably Mammuthus columbi) at White Sands National Monument (WHSA) in New Mexico. Patterns of sub-surface deformation are consistent with the plantar pressure data for modern Proboscidea, but do not reflect track morphology. Our work cautions against overinterpreting track topology of any large animal, including extinct animals such as sauropods, in terms of their biomechanics unless the subsurface stratigraphy and associated variation in shear strength is known

Mesoglycan connects Syndecan-4 and VEGFR2 through Annexin A1 and formyl peptide receptors to promote angiogenesis in vitro.

Mesoglycan is a mixture of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with fibrinolytic effects and the potential to enhance skin wound repair. Here, we have used endothelial cells isolated from Wild Type (WT) and Syndecan-4 null (Sdc4-/-) C57BL/6 mice to demonstrate that mesoglycan promotes cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis acting on the co-receptor Syndecan-4 (SDC4). This latter is known to participate in the formation and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We characterized EVs released by HUVECs and assessed their effect on angiogenesis. Particularly, we focused on Annexin A1 (ANXA1) containing EVs, since they may contribute to tube formation via interactions with Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). In our model, the bond ANXA1-FPRs stimulates the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) that interacts with vascular endothelial receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and activates the pathway enhancing cell motility in an autocrine manner, as shown by Wound-Healing/invasion assays, and the induction of Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT). Thus, we have shown for the first time that mesoglycan exerts its pro-angiogenic effects in the healing process triggering the activation of the three interconnected molecular axis: mesoglycan-SDC4, EVs-ANXA1-FPRs and VEGF-A-VEGFR2

On a mechanism for enhancing magnetic activity in tidally interacting binaries

We suggest a mechanism for enhancing magnetic activity in tidally interacting binaries. We suppose that the deviation of the primary star from spherical symmetry due to the tidal influence of the companion leads to stellar pulsation in its fundamental mode. It is shown that stellar radial pulsation amplifies torsional Alfv{\'e}n waves in a dipole-like magnetic field, buried in the interior, according to the recently proposed swing wave-wave interaction (Zaqarashvili 2001). Then amplified Alfv{\'e}n waves lead to the onset of large-scale torsional oscillations, and magnetic flux tubes arising towards the surface owing to magnetic buoyancy diffuse into the atmosphere producing enhanced chromospheric and coronal emission.Comment: Accepted in Ap

SERUM IONIZED MAGNESIUM IN DIABETIC OLDER PERSONS

Objective. Several alterations of magnesium metabolism have been associated with type 2 diabetes pathophysiology, a condition particularly frequent in older persons. We aimed to evaluate serum total (Mg-tot) and serum ionized magnesium (Mg-ion) in older persons with type 2 diabetes in order to explore clinically applicable methods for the detection of magnesium deficit. Material/Methods: Mg-tot and Mg-ion were measured in 105 fasting subjects with type 2 diabetes (mean age: 71.10.8 years; M/F: 45/60) and in 100 age-matched non-diabetic control persons (mean age: 72.20.8 years; M/F: 42/58). Results: Mg-ion concentrations were significantly lower in diabetic persons compared with controls (0.490.05 mmol/L vs. 0.550.05 mmol/L; p<0.001). Mg-tot was also slightly but significantly lower in diabetic patients (0.820.007 mmol/L vs. 0.840.006 mmol/L; p<0.05). There was an almost complete overlap in the values of Mg-tot in older diabetic patients and controls; conversely, 44.8% of diabetic patients had Mg-ion values below 0.47 mmol/L, while none of the controls did. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and triglycerides, Mg-tot was significantly associated with FBG in all the participants (p<0.05) and Mg-ion was significantly associated with FBG in all the participants (p<0.01) and with HbA1c in diabetic participants (p<0.001). Conclusions: Alterations of magnesium serum concentrations are common in type 2 diabetic older adults; Mg-ion evaluation may help to identify subclinical magnesium depletion (i.e. in patients with normal Mg-tot); the close independent associations of Mg-tot and Mg-ion with FBG and with HbA1c reinforce the possible link between magnesium homeostasis and altered glucose metabolism