7,943 research outputs found
Inward foreign direct investment and constitutional change in Scotland
Purpose - To undertake an analysis of the implications of potential Scottish independence for inward foreign direct investment (FDI), multinational enterprise strategies, and the local economy.<p></p>
Design/methodology/approach - Takes a multidisciplinary approach drawing upon literature and evidence in the international business and management, political economy, and economic geography fields to analyze the role and impact of inward FDI in Scotland following possible Scottish independence.<p></p>
Findings - Scotland continues as an attractive location for FDI, with greater diversity than hitherto. While the country’s comparative advantages in immobile natural resources provide some protection from uncertainty, weak embeddedness is a risk factor irrespective of independence. A range of transition costs of independence are identified, which could be high and of indeterminate duration, and some will be sector-specific. There are also new possibilities for tailoring of policies, and potential reindustrialization opportunities in renewable technologies. The foreign investors most vulnerable to political risks and uncertainties are those whose market scope is the rest of the UK (rUK) either as exporters or value chain integrators, in addition to the high political risk industries of energy, banking, and financial services and defence. Scottish subsidiaries’ significance within their parent MNE groups will also be a major factor in determining responses to political risks and uncertainties.<p></p>
Originality/value - Specific focus upon the impact of potential independence on the foreign-owned sector as a major contributor to the Scottish economy.<p></p>
Heat exchangers for convective and radiative environments
Computer programs for analysis of liquid heat exchangers for convective and radiative systems of ducts and fin
Full-revivals in 2-D Quantum Walks
Recurrence of a random walk is described by the Polya number. For quantum
walks, recurrence is understood as the return of the walker to the origin,
rather than the full-revival of its quantum state. Localization for two
dimensional quantum walks is known to exist in the sense of non-vanishing
probability distribution in the asymptotic limit. We show on the example of the
2-D Grover walk that one can exploit the effect of localization to construct
stationary solutions. Moreover, we find full-revivals of a quantum state with a
period of two steps. We prove that there cannot be longer cycles for a
four-state quantum walk. Stationary states and revivals result from
interference which has no counterpart in classical random walks
Universal diffusion near the golden chaos border
We study local diffusion rate in Chirikov standard map near the critical
golden curve. Numerical simulations confirm the predicted exponent
for the power law decay of as approaching the golden curve via principal
resonances with period (). The universal
self-similar structure of diffusion between principal resonances is
demonstrated and it is shown that resonances of other type play also an
important role.Comment: 4 pages Latex, revtex, 3 uuencoded postscript figure
Twisted Quantum Affine Superalgebra and New Invariant R-matrices
The minimal irreducible representations of , i.e. those
irreducible representations that are also irreducible under are
investigated and shown to be affinizable to give irreducible representations of
the twisted quantum affine superalgebra . The
invariant R-matrices corresponding to the tensor product of any
two minimal representations are constructed, thus extending our twisted tensor
product graph method to the supersymmetric case. These give new solutions to
the spectral-dependent graded Yang-Baxter equation arising from
, which exhibit novel features not previously seen in the
untwisted or non-super cases.Comment: 19 pages, Latex fil
Robust and Efficient Sifting-Less Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
We show that replacing the usual sifting step of the standard
quantum-key-distribution protocol BB84 by a one-way reverse reconciliation
procedure increases its robustness against photon-number-splitting (PNS)
attacks to the level of the SARG04 protocol while keeping the raw key-rate of
BB84. This protocol, which uses the same state and detection than BB84, is the
m=4 member of a protocol-family using m polarization states which we introduce
here. We show that the robustness of these protocols against PNS attacks
increases exponentially with m, and that the effective keyrate of optimized
weak coherent pulses decreases with the transmission T like T^{1+1/(m-2)}
- …