29,796 research outputs found
Non-equilibrium steady state of sparse systems
A resistor-network picture of transitions is appropriate for the study of
energy absorption by weakly chaotic or weakly interacting driven systems. Such
"sparse" systems reach a novel non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) once coupled
to a bath. In the stochastic case there is an analogy to the physics of
percolating glassy systems, and an extension of the fluctuation-dissipation
phenomenology is proposed. In the mesoscopic case the quantum NESS might differ
enormously from the stochastic NESS, with saturation temperature determined by
the sparsity. A toy model where the sparsity of the system is modeled using a
log-normal random ensemble is analyzed.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, EPL accepted versio
Geometrically necessary dislocation densities in olivine obtained using high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction
© 2016 The AuthorsDislocations in geological minerals are fundamental to the creep processes that control large-scale geodynamic phenomena. However, techniques to quantify their densities, distributions, and types over critical subgrain to polycrystal length scales are limited. The recent advent of high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD), based on diffraction pattern cross-correlation, offers a powerful new approach that has been utilised to analyse dislocation densities in the materials sciences. In particular, HR-EBSD yields significantly better angular resolution (<0.01°) than conventional EBSD (~0.5°), allowing very low dislocation densities to be analysed. We develop the application of HR-EBSD to olivine, the dominant mineral in Earths upper mantle by testing (1) different inversion methods for estimating geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) densities, (2) the sensitivity of the method under a range of data acquisition settings, and (3) the ability of the technique to resolve a variety of olivine dislocation structures. The relatively low crystal symmetry (orthorhombic) and few slip systems in olivine result in well constrained GND density estimates. The GND density noise floor is inversely proportional to map step size, such that datasets can be optimised for analysing either short wavelength, high density structures (e.g. subgrain boundaries) or long wavelength, low amplitude orientation gradients. Comparison to conventional images of decorated dislocations demonstrates that HR-EBSD can characterise the dislocation distribution and reveal additional structure not captured by the decoration technique. HR-EBSD therefore provides a highly effective method for analysing dislocations in olivine and determining their role in accommodating macroscopic deformation
Energetics of the Quantum Graphity Universe
Quantum graphity is a background independent model for emergent geometry, in
which space is represented as a complete graph. The high-energy pre-geometric
starting point of the model is usually considered to be the complete graph,
however we also consider the empty graph as a candidate pre-geometric state.
The energetics as the graph evolves from either of these high-energy states to
a low-energy geometric state is investigated as a function of the number of
edges in the graph. Analytic results for the slope of this energy curve in the
high-energy domain are derived, and the energy curve is plotted exactly for
small number of vertices . To study the whole energy curve for larger (but
still finite) , an epitaxial approximation is used. It is hoped that this
work may open the way for future work to compare predictions from quantum
graphity with observations of the early universe, making the model falsifiable.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Collective bargaining and workplace performance: an investigation using the workplace employee relations survey 1998
Absorption of Energy at a Metallic Surface due to a Normal Electric Field
The effect of an oscillating electric field normal to a metallic surface may
be described by an effective potential. This induced potential is calculated
using semiclassical variants of the random phase approximation (RPA). Results
are obtained for both ballistic and diffusive electron motion, and for two and
three dimensional systems. The potential induced within the surface causes
absorption of energy. The results are applied to the absorption of radiation by
small metal spheres and discs. They improve upon an earlier treatment which
used the Thomas-Fermi approximation for the effective potential.Comment: 19 pages (Plain TeX), 2 figures, 1 table (Postscript
Rate of energy absorption by a closed ballistic ring
We make a distinction between the spectroscopic and the mesoscopic
conductance of closed systems. We show that the latter is not simply related to
the Landauer conductance of the corresponding open system. A new ingredient in
the theory is related to the non-universal structure of the perturbation matrix
which is generic for quantum chaotic systems. These structures may created
bottlenecks that suppress the diffusion in energy space, and hence the rate of
energy absorption. The resulting effect is not merely quantitative: For a
ring-dot system we find that a smaller Landauer conductance implies a smaller
spectroscopic conductance, while the mesoscopic conductance increases. Our
considerations open the way towards a realistic theory of dissipation in closed
mesoscopic ballistic devices.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, published version with updated ref
Study of Apollo water impact. Volume 2 - Dynamic response of shells of revolution during vertical impact into water - No interaction Final report
Mathematical model for predicting dynamic response of thin elastic shells of revolution during water impac
Bridging the gap between social tagging and semantic annotation: E.D. the Entity Describer
Semantic annotation enables the development of efficient computational methods for analyzing and interacting with information, thus maximizing its value. With the already substantial and constantly expanding data generation capacity of the life sciences as well as the concomitant increase in the knowledge distributed in scientific articles, new ways to produce semantic annotations of this information are crucial. While automated techniques certainly facilitate the process, manual annotation remains the gold standard in most domains. In this manuscript, we describe a prototype mass-collaborative semantic annotation system that, by distributing the annotation workload across the broad community of biomedical researchers, may help to produce the volume of meaningful annotations needed by modern biomedical science. We present E.D., the Entity Describer, a mashup of the Connotea social tagging system, an index of semantic web-accessible controlled vocabularies, and a new public RDF database for storing social semantic annotations
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