The Influence of the Inhabited Near-Field Chernobyl APS Zone Contaminated with Radio Nuclides on the Histology Thyroid Gland in a Hedgehog

thyroid gland, radionuclides, hedgehog, histologyThe morphogenesis of the thyroid gland is based on the complex histological research of hedgehogs inhabiting deprived ecological areas. It is characterized by the following features: macrofollicular cystic construction, colloid rrhage, stomal lipomatosis. The detected histological peculiarities of the thyroid construction (such as macrofollicular cystic construction, colloid rrhage, stomal lipomatosis) in hedgehogs inhabiting near-field Chernobyl APS zone contaminated with radionuclides can be considered as a latent dysregulation pathology

Review of a book “Kabanov, P. A., Magizov, R. R. Criminological victimology: tutorial. Kazan: Kazan University Publishers, 2018. 118 p.”

Objective: full and objective evaluation of a tutorial “Criminological victimology” by P. A. Kabanov and R. R. Magizov, published in 2018 at Kazan Federal University.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in the historical development and functioning in the context of a set of objective and subjective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-legal, comparative-legal, etc.Results: the presented concept of modern criminological victimology as an academic discipline is analyzed, as well as its structure, relationships with other disciplines, and the main trends and prospects of its development. It is emphasized that the publication is undoubtedly useful, for those who study the criminal law direction of jurisprudence, first of all, because, as the authors rightly point out, modern criminological victimology is an extremely dynamic interdisciplinary field of knowledge, in respect of which a single approach in understanding its basic categories has not yet been developed. The reviewers’ views on the status, structure, subject of criminological victimology as a branch of criminological science are presented. The conclusions obtained by the authors as a result of their research are evaluated, the contradictions between the authors’ research results and the tutorial content are revealed.Scientific novelty: for the first time the tutorial by P. A. Kabanov and R. R. Magizov “Criminological victimology” is evaluated; its main advantages and the provisions requiring additional scientific study are revealed. The paper describes the current state of Russian criminological victimology as an academic discipline in the sphere of jurisprudence and outlines the prospects of its conceptual development. A conclusion is made about the significant contribution of the authors to the development of the Russian legal doctrine.Practical significance: the reviewers concluded that the tutorial by P. A. Kabanov and R. R. Magizov can be used by researchers, professors of law schools and faculties, practicing lawyers, representatives of law enforcement agencies and the judicial system, undergraduate and graduate students

Exogenous Ribonuclease in the Improvement of Lactobacillus Biological Properties

The influence of exogenous RNAase on the dynamics of the acid formation by the industrial strain 8R-A3 of Lactobacillus plantarum, its antibiotic sensitivity and antagonistic activity was studied. In the presence of the RNAase growth stimulating dose both a decrease of the culture lag-phase and a more intensive accumulation of lactic acid in the incubation medium resulting in an increase of the Lactobacillus antagonistic activity were observed. It was shown that RNAase increased the Lactobacillus stability to tetracycline and erythromycin by 32 to 57 per cent as compared to the control

Organization of dispensary observation of children with chronic dermatosis in Ufa

Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue are common pathology in the world. Up to 7% of the population suffers from them according to various studies. Over the past ten years the incidence of dermatoses in the Russian Federation decreased by 16% and prevalence of dermatoses decreases by 8%, but it remains quite high. One of the main methods of reducing the incidence is the implementation of preventive direction in medical organizations, which is carried out by dispensary observation of the population. The aim of the study was to study the organization of dispensary observation of children with chronic dermatoses. Materials and methods: the incidence of the most common chronic dermatoses of children in Ufa for the period 2013-2017, indicators of dispensary observation according to the summary report (FSN № 12) 'Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the area of service of the medical organization" and annual reports of the Republican Dermato-Venereological Clinic № 1 in Ufa for 2013-2017 were studied. Results. The results of the study showed that in Ufa the proportion of children with chronic dermatoses, registered at the dispensary observation among all children suffering from diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, increased by 46.4% for five years (from 16.5% in 2013 up to 30.8% in 2017). There is insufficient dispensary observation coverage of children with some nosologies: psoriasis - 54.6% (coverage decrease for five years by 23.4%), eczema - 6.5% (decrease by 10.1% ), scleroderma - 52.6% (decrease by 36.8% ). The positive dynamics of the indicator was observed in 2017 in children suffering from atopic dermatitis - 39.7% (a coverage increase for five years by 55.1% ), neurodermatitis - 44.2% (an increase of 2.3 times), vitiligo-5 6 .8 % (an increase of 3.1% ). Outpatient treatment covered 21.9% of children enrolled in dispensary observation in 2017. Analysis of dispensary observation indicators of children with chronic dermatoses in Ufa showed the need to improve and justify effective methods of medical care and disease prevention. A deeper identification and study of risk factors for chronic dermatoses in children will allow the development and implementation of measures to improve medical care for patients.Болезни кожи и подкожной клетчатки (БК и ПК) являются распространенной патологией в мире, по данным разных исследований, ими страдает до 7% населения. В Российский Федерации за последние десять лет общая заболеваемость дерматозами снизилась на 16%, первичная - на 8%, однако она остается достаточно высокой. Одним их основных методов снижения заболеваемости является реализация профилактического направления в медицинских организациях, которая осуществляется путем диспансерного наблюдения населения. Целью исследования стало изучение организации диспансерного наблюдения детей с хроническими дерматозами. Материалы и методы: Изучены первичная заболеваемость детей г. Уфы за период 2013-2017гг. наиболее распространёнными хроническими дерматозами, показатели диспансерного наблюдения по данным сводного отчета ФСН №12 «Сведения о числе заболеваний, зарегистрированных у пациентов, проживающих в районе обслуживания медицинской организации» и ежегодных отчетов ГАУЗ РКВД №1 по г. Уфа за 2013-2017 гг. Результаты. Результаты исследования показали, что в г. Уфе доля детей с хроническими дерматозами, состоящих на диспансерном учете среди всех детей, страдающих БК и ПК, за пять лет увеличилась на 46,4% (с 16,5% в 2013г. до 30,8% в 2017 г.). По отдельным нозологиям отмечается недостаточный охват диспансерным наблюдением детей: с псориазом - 54,6% (снижение показателя за пять лет на 23,4%), экземой - 6,5% (снижение на 10,1 %), склеродермией - 52,6% (снижение на 36,8%). Положительная динамика показателя в 2017г. отмечена у детей, страдающих атопическим дерматитом, - 39,7% (увеличение показателя за пять лет на 55,1 %), нейродермитом - 44,2% (увеличение в 2,3 раза), витилиго 56,8% (увеличение на 3,1%). Амбулаторным лечением охвачены 21,9% детей, состоящих на диспансерном учете в 2017г. Анализ уровня показателей диспансерного наблюдения детей с хроническими дерматозами в г. Уфе показал необходимость совершенствования и обоснования эффективных методов организации медицинской помощи и профилактики заболеваний. Более глубокое выявление и изучение факторов риска развития хронических дерматозов у детей позволит разработать и внедрить мероприятия по совершенствованию медицинской помощи пациентам

Vulnerability of primitive human placental trophoblast to Zika virus

Infection of pregnant women by Asian lineage strains of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been linked to brain abnormalities in their infants, yet it is uncertain when during pregnancy the human conceptus is most vulnerable to the virus. We have examined two models to study susceptibility of human placental trophoblast to ZIKV: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast derived from placental villi at term and colonies of trophoblast differentiated from embryonic stem cells (ESC). The latter appear to be analogous to the primitive placenta formed during implantation. The cells from term placentas, which resist infection, do not express genes encoding most attachment factors implicated in ZIKV entry but do express many genes associated with antiviral defense. By contrast, the ESC-derived trophoblasts possess a wide range of attachment factors for ZIKV entry and lack components of a robust antiviral response system. These cells, particularly areas of syncytiotrophoblast within the colonies, quickly become infected, produce infectious virus and undergo lysis within 48 h after exposure to low titers (multiplicity of infection > 0.07) of an African lineage strain (MR766 Uganda: ZIKVU) considered to be benign with regards to effects on fetal development. Unexpectedly, lytic effects required significantly higher titers of the presumed more virulent FSS13025 Cambodia (ZIKVC). Our data suggest that the developing fetus might be most vulnerable to ZIKV early in the first trimester before a protective zone of mature villous trophoblast has been established. Additionally, MR766 is highly trophic toward primitive trophoblast, which may put the early conceptus of an infected mother at high risk for destruction

Improving the independent creative activity of students on the basis of competent approach

The article is aimed at defining the stages of organization of independent creative activity of students through observation and analysis of the educational process and the organizational and pedagogical conditions for independent learning to improve the quality of the educational process. independent work instructions,development of teaching and didactic support and methods of organizing independent creative activity, as well as criteria and indicators for determining the level of improvement of independent creative activity of students on the basis of a competency approach

Сравнительное изучение антиаритмической активности лаппаконитина гидробромида и соединения ЛМГ-124 на модели аконитиновой аритмии

Two models of the aconitin-induced cardiac arrhythmias were used to compare the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory activity of the reference drug Lappaconitine hydrobromide and the LMG-124 compound. It is shown that both compounds have antiarrhythmic action. At the same time, the compound LMG-124 realizes its antiarrhythmic effect in a significantly lower dose. In this case, the compound LMG-124 shows a pronounced antifibrillatory activity, in contrast to the reference drug Lappaconitine hydrobromide, which in the studied dose does not exhibit similar activity.На двух моделях нарушений ритма сердца, вызванных аконитином, проведено сравнительное изучение антиаритмической и противофибрилляторной активности эталонного препарата лаппаконитина гидробромида и соединения ЛМГ-124. Показано, что оба соединения обладают антиаритмическим действием. Вместе с тем, соединение ЛМГ-124 реализует своё антиаритмическое действие в существенно меньшей дозе. При этом соединение ЛМГ-124 проявляет выраженную противофибрилляторную активность, в отличие от эталонного препарата лаппаконитина гидробромида, который в изученной дозе подобной активностью не обладает

Current trends in cannulation and neuroprotection during surgery of the aortic arch in Europe†‡

OBJECTIVES To conduct a survey across European cardiac centres to evaluate the methods used for cerebral protection during aortic surgery involving the aortic arch. METHODS All European centres were contacted and surgeons were requested to fill out a short, comprehensive questionnaire on an internet-based platform. One-third of more than 400 contacted centres completed the survey correctly. RESULTS The most preferred site for arterial cannulation is the subclavian-axillary, both in acute and chronic presentation. The femoral artery is still frequently used in the acute condition, while the ascending aorta is a frequent second choice in the case of chronic presentation. Bilateral antegrade brain perfusion is chosen by the majority of centres (2/3 of cases), while retrograde perfusion or circulatory arrest is very seldom used and almost exclusively in acute clinical presentation. The same pumping system of the cardio pulmonary bypass is most of the time used for selective cerebral perfusion, and the perfusate temperature is usually maintained between 22 and 26°C. One-third of the centres use lower temperatures. Perfusate flow and pressure are fairly consistent among centres in the range of 10-15 ml/kg and 60 mmHg, respectively. In 60% of cases, barbiturates are added for cerebral protection, while visceral perfusion still receives little attention. Regarding cerebral monitoring, there is a general tendency to use near-infrared spectroscopy associated with bilateral radial pressure measurement. CONCLUSIONS These data represent a snapshot of the strategies used for cerebral protection during major aortic surgery in current practice, and may serve as a reference for standardization and refinement of different approache

Time-resolved dual transcriptomics reveal early induced Nicotiana benthamiana root genes and conserved infection-promoting Phytophthora palmivora effectors

BACKGROUND: Plant-pathogenic oomycetes are responsible for economically important losses in crops worldwide. Phytophthora palmivora, a tropical relative of the potato late blight pathogen, causes rotting diseases in many tropical crops including papaya, cocoa, oil palm, black pepper, rubber, coconut, durian, mango, cassava and citrus. Transcriptomics have helped to identify repertoires of host-translocated microbial effector proteins which counteract defenses and reprogram the host in support of infection. As such, these studies have helped in understanding how pathogens cause diseases. Despite the importance of P. palmivora diseases, genetic resources to allow for disease resistance breeding and identification of microbial effectors are scarce. RESULTS: We employed the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana to study the P. palmivora root infections at the cellular and molecular levels. Time-resolved dual transcriptomics revealed different pathogen and host transcriptome dynamics. De novo assembly of P. palmivora transcriptome and semi-automated prediction and annotation of the secretome enabled robust identification of conserved infection-promoting effectors. We show that one of them, REX3, suppresses plant secretion processes. In a survey for early transcriptionally activated plant genes we identified a N. benthamiana gene specifically induced at infected root tips that encodes a peptide with danger-associated molecular features. CONCLUSIONS: These results constitute a major advance in our understanding of P. palmivora diseases and establish extensive resources for P. palmivora pathogenomics, effector-aided resistance breeding and the generation of induced resistance to Phytophthora root infections. Furthermore, our approach to find infection-relevant secreted genes is transferable to other pathogen-host interactions and not restricted to plants.This work was supported by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (RG62472), by the Royal Society (RG69135) and by the European Research Council (ERC-2014-STG, H2020, 637537)