Deduction of temperature fluctuations in transient compression wind tunnels using incompressible turbulent flow data

Wind tunnels and other aero-thermal experimental facilities are likely to make a contribution to the optimisation of energy and propulsion systems for the foreseeable future. Short duration wind tunnels such as shock tunnels and gun tunnels rely on a transient compression rocess and are likely to generate significant turbulent fluctuations in the nozzle reservoir region. In the present study, the magnitude of likely stagnation temperature fluctuations in two such facilities is inferred from incompressible temperature fluctuations data obtained by other workers. The friction velocity Reynolds numbers for the gun tunnel and shock tunnel cases considered presently were ReT= 31,579 and 24,975 respectively. The RMS stagnation temperature fluctuations, when averaged over the pipe flow diameter, are estimated to be 15.3 and 291 K for the gun tunnel and shock tunnel cases respectively. The estimated RMS value in the case of the gun tunnel is significantly larger than the experimental value previously measured on the centre line of the gun tunnel nozzle of 2.3 K. The difference observed between the inferred and measured temperature fluctuations in the gun tunnel case may be related to spatial variations in the temperature fluctuations. In the case of the shock tunnel, the magnitude of the fluctuations is demonstrated to be significant for supersonic combustion experiments. The present approach for estimating the magnitude temperature fluctuations should be refined, but more detailed measurements of temperature fluctuations in such facilities are also required

Pengaruh Beberapa Konsentrasi Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella SP, Escherichia Coli Secara in Vitro

This study aims to determine the inhibition of Morinda citrifolia to the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp through in vitro. This study used a bacterial isolate of E. coli and Salmonella sp gotten from Health Laboratory of Central Java. The design of research uses completely randomized design with six treatments which the concentration of 0% as control. Results of Mengkudu juice is produced from 500 grams of ripe Morinda citrifolia, crushed and then squeezed. With different concentration used were, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. All data were analyzed with five treatments using one way anova. Results showed that Morinda citrifolia juice can significantly inhibit the growth of bacteria E. coli and Saalmonella sp (p <0.01). The mean inhibition zone formed occurs in 40% concentration of 2.50 mm and then increases by the increasing concentration of Morinda citrifolia juice. Inhibition of growth of Salmonella sp bacteria occurs at 40% concentration which is equal to 1.25 mm and the largest occurs at 100% concentration of 4.33 mm. The test results showed significant difference inhibition in the growth of different Morinda citrifolia juice. The tendency is the higher concentration of Morinda citrifolia juice, the greater inhibition of the growth of E coli and Salmonella sp bacteria. Morinda citrifolia inhibits the growth of E. coli bacteria greater than the Salmonella sp bacteria

Model Pengembangan Kualitas Pengetahuan Berbasis Jejaring Pengetahuan Dan Kerjasama Lintas Fungsi Menuju Kinerja Inovatif UKM

. This study is based on research gaps and business phenomenon, namely the controversy studies cross-functional cooperation to performance. Moreover there is no cross-functional cooperation inconsistencies study. The findings conclude that the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is a follower of innovation undertaken, means that products appear in other regions relatively new then a slight modification. The population in this study was small industrial batik SMEs in Central Java province, amounting to 115, which is distributed in the city Pakalongan, Pekalongan, Pati, Sukoharjo, Apex and Purbalingga (Disperindag Prov.Jateng 2014). Then the method of sampling with purposive sampling technique, meaning that based on characteristics of the population, the area or location. Data analysis techniques used in this study The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software package AMOS 5.0. Findings from this study indicate that, priority first step in developing a model of innovative performance of SMEs in Central Java province, is done by increasing the knowledge of the intrinsic quality of the indicators are accurate, objective, dynamic / up to date and reliable

Penegakan Hukum terhadap Anggota Kepolisian yang Menyalahgunakan Narkotika dan Psikotropika

Dewasa ini tindak pidana narkotika dipandang sebagai tindak pidana yang menjadi musuh umat manusia, oleh karena itu Negara-negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia terus berjuang untuk memberantas tindak pidana ini. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penulisan Tesis ini adalah Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Anggota Kepolisian Yang Menyalahgunakan Narkotika Dan Psikotropika, bagaimana pengaturan dan Sanksi Pidana terhadap Polri pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika, serta bagaimana penerapan sanksi pidana dan kode etik terhadap Polri sebagai pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini yaitu metode pendekatan peneltian yuridis normatif. Metode yuridis normatif dimana penelitian ini meneliti dengan bahan kepustakaan atau data sekunder yang meliputi buku-buku serta norma-norma hukum yang terdapat pada peraturan Perundang-undangan, azas-azas hukum, kaedah hukum dan sistematika hukum dan juga mengkaji ketentuan peraturan Perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum lainya. Dari Penelitian ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa 1) Proses penegakan hukum terhadap anggota polisi yang terjerat kasus tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika sudah sesuai dengan peraturan Perundang-undangan yang berlaku, di mana dalam proses bahwa semua orang di mata hukum sama, bahkan dalam penegakan hukum yang tersangkanya adalah anggota polisi penjatuhan pidananya bisa lebih berat. Hal tersebut dikerenakan tersangka adalah aparat penegak hukum yang seharusnya menjalankan perintah jabatan untuk melawan narkotika, akan tetapi tersangka terlibat dalam kasus tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika. 2) Proses penegakan kode etik profesi kepolisian terhadap anggota kepolisian yang terjerat kasus pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika pada Kenyataannya belum terlaksana dengan baik dimana polisi tidak langsung menindak tegas anggota yang terjerat kasus pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika, seakan-akan pihak kepolisian masih melindungi anggotanya dan dianggap setelah anggotanya sudah diadili di peradilan umum dan dinyatakan bersalah telah melakukan tindak pidana narkotika

Prospek Thorium Pada Endapan Aluvial Di Daerah Koba Dan Sekitarnya

Telah dilakukan penelitian prospek thorium pada endapan aluvial di daerah Koba Kabupaten Bangka Tengah dan sekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui prospek thorium pada endapan aluvial. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pemetaan geologi, pemetaan radioaktivitas singkapan batuan, percontohan dan analisis butir mineral berat serta analisis kadar thorium mineral berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa litologi daerah penelitian tersusun oleh satuan metabatupasir dengan nilai radioaktivitas 35 – 200 c/s, intrusi granit dengan nilai radioaktivitas 140 – 550 c/s dan endapan aluvial dengan nilai radioaktivitas 40 – 300 c/s SPP2NF. Kadar rata-rata monasit dalam mineral berat 7,54%, kadar rata-rata thorium dalam mineral berat 1.410 ppm, luas pelamparan aluvial 400 km2 dengan tebal rata-rata 3,77 meter. Berdasarkan tipe deposit (plaser) yang tergolong relatif mudah untuk ditambang dengan biaya murah, persentase monasit dan kadar thorium cukup tinggi sehingga prospek thorium Koba layak untuk dikembangkan. The objective of the present study of the thorium in placer of Koba, Central Bangka District, Bangka Belitung Province and its surrounding is to find out thorium prospect in alluvial deposits. The study method are geological and radiometrical mapping, grain counting and thorium grade analysis of pan concentrated. Result of the research reveals that lithology of the investigation area compose of metasandstone unit with radiometric value of 35 c/s - 200 c/s, granite intrusion with radiometric value of 140-550 c/s and alluvial with radiometric value of 40-300 c/s SPP2NF. Content of monazite in the pan concentrated is approximately 7.54 %, content of thorium in pan concentrated of 1410 ppm, covered alluvial deposits of about 400 kilometers square with average thickness 3.77 meters. According to the study thorium prospect in Koba area is feasible to be Based on the type of deposit (placer) which are relatively easy to be mined at low cost, high content of monazite and thorium so that the prospect thorium Koba feasible to develop

Model Permintaan Perjalanan Penumpang Antar Kota/kabupaten Dengan Moda Transportasi Darat: Studi Kasus Propinsi Sumatra Selatan

Model permintaan perjalanan penumpang antar kota merupakan suatu model alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi jumlah perjalanan penumpang antar kota dengan moda transportasi darat. Pada studi ini dicoba untuk dikembangkan suatu model permintaan perjalanan penumpang tersebut dengan menggunakan data Propinsi Sumatra Selatan. Model ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai suatu alat bantu dalam perencanaan transportasi darat di Propinsi Sumatra Selatan, serta sebagai dasar bagi penelitian selanjutnya. Dari studi ini diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:(1) Model untuk permintaan perjalanan penumpang antar kota menggunakan moda darat:(a) Untuk waktu perjalanan antar kota kurang dari 4 jam:Y1 = 43429.75 exp (– 0.0000021 Z2 + 0.498 Z4 + 1.116 Z9 + 0.00000028 Z15 ) (b) Untuk waktu perjalanan antar kota kurang antara 4 hingga 5 jam:Y1 = 5211554.99 exp (0.309 Z3 – 0.799 Z8 1.566 Z9 + 0.000000122 Z15 )(c) Untuk waktu perjalanan antar kota lebih dari 5 jam:Y1 = 1.93 .10-10 exp (0.336 Z3 + 0.987 Z4 + 6.15 Z9 + 4.077 Z10 + 16.22 Zp + 0.00000054 Z15 )(2) Model untuk permintaan perjalanan penumpang antar kota dengan menggunakan angkutan umum:(a) Untuk waktu perjalanan antar kota kurang dari 5 jam:Y2 = 3332537957 exp ( 0.606 Z3 + 2.459 Z4 – 7.455 Z5+ 0.000017 Z6+1.089 Z9 – 5.39 Z10 )(b) Untuk waktu perjalanan antar kota antara 5 hingga 7 jam:Y2 = 2.754 exp ( 1.983 Z3 – 0.753 Z4 +0.00017 Z6+4.25 Zq – 0.00000037 Z14+0.00000018 Z15)(c) Untuk waktu perjalanan antar kota lebih dari 7 jam:Y2 = 93.10-35 Z3 3.089 Z6 12.96 Z10 8.42 Z14 -5.69 Z15 1.96 Kata

Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kota Semarang Nomor 10 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pajak Parkir

Parking tax is the implementation of a parking lot otside the road, providing both concerned with a staple effort,including providing daycare motor vehicles. While park is a condition of a car who are not moving and temporary. The tax rate determined is 25% from the base tax. The basis for imposing tax is income from tax payers every month. The methodology is using qualitative approach descriptive to technique data collection the observation, interview and study documents. Informants for the research is the field of local taxes DPKAD of Semarang City. The result showed that the election parking tax of Semarang City using sell assesment and official assesment. Self assesment is a system who to vote tally number of parking tax rates totax payers an official assesment is a system to examination during 3 months. The parking tax rate determined 25% from the base tax. The parking taxdone by meanas of the total revenues tax payesr every month multiplied by 25%. But found obstacles in the system that the DPKAD of Semarang City didn't know the reality of the total revenues from every tax payers every months. Recommendations can be done to improve the election about the mall parking taxis by tapping box machine, as they installed the box in every parking lot. That is the way if DPKAD want to know in reality the total revunue of tax payers every months