Depositional age and exhumation of Tethyan Sedimentary rocks intruded by Oligo-Miocene granite

Abstract HKT-ISTP 2013 A

Vaccination policy in Italy: An update

The effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases generally requires indefinite maintenance of extremely high rates of timely vaccination. Therefore, vaccine hesitancy is of paramount importance and needs to be addressed. In Italy, regulations about vaccinations are controversial and, to some extent, inconsistent. Even though the childhood vaccinations are mandatory by law (Italian Law n. 891/1939, n. 292/1963, n.51/1966 and n. 165/1991), the limited deterrent effectiveness of the sanctioning system, and the changes introduced by the Italian Constitutional Law n. 3/2001 (devolution of almost all the competences and responsibilities in health matters to the Regions and the Autonomous Provinces), were the fertile ground in which new vaccine policies were generated and developed, radically different from the existing ones: many Regions, based on what was decided in 2005 - on an experimental basis - by the State-Regions Conference, decided to abolish the vaccination obligation and/or to stop the imposition of administrative sanctions on non-compliant parents. In addition, since then, there is a worrying tendency to decline vaccinations due to the parents’ mistrust in pharmaceutical companies and health policies. Therefore, recently, the Italian government decided to deploy an emergency ordinance (Italian Decree Law n. 73/2017). In this article, the authors are going to illustrate the current situation in Italy concerning vaccination policy, from a legislative and social point of view

Late Oligocene high-temperature shear zones in the core of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (Lower Dolpo, western Nepal)

A high\u2010temperature shear zone, Toijem shear zone, with a top\u2010to\u2010the\u2010SW sense of shear affects the core of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) in western Nepal. The shear zone developed during the decompression, in the sillimanite stability field, of rocks that previously underwent relatively high\u2010pressure metamorphism deformed under the kyanite stability field. PT conditions indicate that the footwall experienced higher pressure ( 3c9 kbar) than the hanging wall ( 3c7 kbar) and similar temperatures (675\ub0\u2013700\ub0C). Monazite growth constrains the initial activity of the shear zone at 25.8 \ub1 0.3 Ma, before the onset of the Main Central Thrust zone, whereas the late intrusion of a crosscutting granitic dike at 17 \ub1 0.2 Ma limits its final activity. Monazites in kyanite\u2010bearing gneisses from the footwall record prograde metamorphism in the HHC from 3c43 to 33Ma. The new data confirm that exhumation of the HHC started earlier in western Nepal than in other portions of the belt and before the activity of both the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) and Main Central Thrust (MCT) zones. As a consequence, western Nepal represents a key area where the channel\u2010flow\u2010driven mechanism of exhumation, supposed to be active from Bhutan to central\u2010eastern Nepal, does terminate. In this area, exhumation of crystalline units occurred by foreland propagation of ductile and, subsequently, brittle deformation

Impact of asbestos on public health: a retrospective study on a series of subjects with occupational and non-occupational exposure to asbestos during the activity of Fibronit plant (Broni, Italy)

The goal of this study is to understand more about the role of asbestos in causing human diseases, first of all mesothelioma, by investigating a large series of deaths due to asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). The main aim is to clarify if even very low amounts of asbestos can cause mesothelioma and other ARDs, as well as to find out if a different individual vulnerability can be important. This retrospective study included 188 subjects who died from asbestos related diseases in 2000-2017 in the area around Broni, Italy, where an important asbestos cement factory had been active from 1932 until 1993. In each case, a forensic autopsy has been performed. In order to perform the present study, the records were retrieved, including the clinical files, the autopsy, and the histological report. The statistical analysis performed showed that there was a significant relation between the cause of death (mesothelioma, lung cancer or asbestosis) and the kind of exposure (occupational, neighborhood or household), showing that all the subjects not exposed occupationally (and, therefore, exposed to lower amounts of asbestos) died from mesothelioma, whereas the individuals who used to work at the plant died also from other caused (asbestosis, lung cancer). Significant differences were highlighted examining the distribution of the causes of death according to the smoking habits. Moreover, among the mesothelioma patients, the survival time was shorter in the subjects with a neighborhood or household exposure than in the occupationally exposed individuals. The study provided meaningful data about the role of asbestos in causing human pathologies. In particular, the present data appear to support the hypothesis that even an exposure to a very little amount of asbestos can cause mesothelioma in hypersusceptible subjects (probably, on a genetic basis)

A multi-element psychosocial intervention for early psychosis (GET UP PIANO TRIAL) conducted in a catchment area of 10 million inhabitants: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial

Multi-element interventions for first-episode psychosis (FEP) are promising, but have mostly been conducted in non-epidemiologically representative samples, thereby raising the risk of underestimating the complexities involved in treating FEP in 'real-world' services