Enxertia e sua influencia na produção de pepino e reprodução de Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita

A enxertia em porta-enxertos resistentes é uma técnica frequentemente recomendada para a cultura do pepino em áreas infestadas com nematoides-das-galhas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de pepino enxertado em dois porta-enxertos comparado com pé-franco em solo infestado com Meloidogyne incognita raça 2 ou com M. javanica. Foram avaliados nove tratamentos (fatorial 3x3: pepino híbrido Tsuyataro pé-franco, enxertado na abóbora híbrida 'Shelper' e enxertado na abóbora híbrida 'Excitte Ikki' x sem inoculação, inoculação com M. incognita e inoculação com M. javanica), no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Para as características de produção de frutos (número de frutos totais e comerciais por planta, massa de frutos totais e comerciais por planta) não foi obtida interação entre os fatores. Obteve-se maior produção de frutos em plantas enxertadas sobre a abóbora 'Shelper', independente da espécie de nematoide, enquanto que a enxertia sobre 'Excitte Ikki' não diferiu do pé-franco para produção total. Ambas as espécies de nematoide reduziram a produção de frutos, porém este efeito foi mais pronunciado com M. javanica. Tanto o pepino pé-franco como as plantas enxertadas foram suscetíveis, pois permitiram a multiplicação dos nematoides, com fator de reprodução, em avaliação realizada aos 72 dias após a inoculação, variando de 3,57 a 15,04, sendo que para M. javanica este valor foi maior no pepino pé-franco.Grafting on resistant rootstock is a technique often recommended for cucumber crop in root-knot nematodes infested areas. We studied the yield of grafted cucumber on two rootstocks compared with non grafted in soil infested with Meloidogyne javanica or with M. incognita race 2. Nine treatments (factorial 3x3: Japanese cucumber hybrid Tsuyataro without grafting, grafted on squash hybrid Shelper and grafted on squash hybrid Excitte Ikki x without nematode inoculation, inoculated with M. incognita and inoculated with M. javanica) were evaluated in a randomized block design, with four replications and six plants per plot. There was no interaction between factors for yield evaluated characteristics (total and marketable fruit number per plant, total and marketable fruit weight per plant). Higher fruit yield was obtained in cucumber grafted on 'Shelper', for both nematode species, while cucumber grafted on 'Excitte Ikki' did not differ from non grafted plants for total fruit weight. Both nematode species reduced fruit yield, which was more evident when M. javanica was inoculated. Grafted and non grafted plants were susceptible, because they enabled the multiplication of nematodes, with a reproduction factor, at 72 days after inoculation, ranging from 3.57 to 15.04, with the highest value in cucumber non grafted inoculated with M. javanica

Use of botanical extracts, cassava wastewater and nematicide for the control of root-knot nematode on carrot

Aqueous extracts of several plant species have shown promising in controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White), one of the most limiting agents for carrot cultivation. The current study evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts from seven botanical species applied to 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 days after sowing 'Nantes' carrots in soil infested with root-knot nematode. Three other treatments included cassava wastewater, distilled water (control), which were applied in the same periods of the extracts application, in addition to carbofuran 50G (80Kg/ha), which was applied once at 60 days after carrot sowing. Evaluations were performed at 90 days after inoculation to determine shoot and root fresh weight, as well as the diameter and the length of principal roots and the number of galls on primary and secondary roots. Plants treated with cassava wastewater, extracts of Ricinus communis L. seeds, Crotalaria juncea L. seeds, R. communis leaves + branches + fruits, Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves + branches + inflorescences and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. seeds showed the highest rates of total weight (root + shoot) and shoot weight. The extract of R. communis leaves + branches + fruits provides the highest total root weight and principal root diameter. Cassava wastewater and extracts of R. communis seeds provided the highest principal root weight. The extract of R. communis seeds and cassava wastewater can be considered promising for the alternative control of M. incognita

Quality of water for nursery plants irrigation - use of electrical discharges without thermal effect and of electric-fields for meloidogyne-incognita race 1 control

The effect of electrical discharges without thermic effect and of energy field on Meloidogyne incognita Rara 1 larvae elimination in weir water was tested. on an average, 63,22% of larvae were killed by electrical discharges, in comparison with 53,12% of dead larvae in the control (water that received only ammonium sulphate) as an electrolyte. Water exposed to energy fields presented higher percentages of dead larvae (50,01% for electromagnetic field, 43,78% for variable electric field and 40,48% for static electric field) in comparison with control, represented by water without exposition to any energy field and without ammonium sulphate (34,27%).Testou-se o efeito de descargas elétricas e de campos de energia na eliminação de nematóides Meloidogyne incognita Raça 1 em água de açude destinada à irrigação de plantas em viveiros. Em média, 63,22% de larvas foram mortas pelas descargas elétricas, em comparação com 53,12% na testemunha, ou seja, água que recebera apenas sulfato de amônio como eletrólito. O campo eletromagnético foi responsável pela morte de 50,01% das larvas e os campos elétricos variável e estático, a 43,78% e 40,48% respectivamente, em comparação com a testemunha, representada por nematóides em água não exposta a campos e nem ao sulfato de amônio.UNESP,FCAV,DEP CIENCIAS EXATAS,BR-14870 JABOTICABAL,SP,BRAZILUNESP,FCAV,DEP CIENCIAS EXATAS,BR-14870 JABOTICABAL,SP,BRAZI