The Influence of Emotional States on Short-Term Memory Retention by Using Electroencephalography (EEG) Measurements: A Case Study

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the brain as wave patterns generated by various brain structures. The electrical activity is recorded from the scalp surface after being picked up by metal electrodes (small metal discs) and conductive media. This study explored how emotions can impact short-term memory retention, and thus the process of learning, by analyzing five mental tasks: relaxation, memorization of ten words, memorization of ten two-digit numbers, visual exposure to emotional stimuli, and recall of the 10 words and 10 numbers. The word list contained ten words as five event-related (directly related to the type of emotion triggered) and five not event-related words. The visual task was separated into three categories corresponding to the type of image extracted from the public domain International Affective Picture System (IAPS) library, which in turn correspond to three emotional states assumed to be evoked by them: neutral, negative (e.g. sadness), and positive (e.g. happiness). Event-related potentials (ERP) were measured by EEG with the ANT Neuro system. The ASA software and EEGLab were utilized for the analysis of ERPs in five EEG bands: Delta (0-3.9Hz), Theta (4-7.9Hz), Alpha (8-12.9Hz), Beta (13-30 Hz), and Gamma (31-50 Hz). Eleven participants (ten males and one female between 20 and 25 years old) were included in this case study. To date, no other studies have been reported to use EEG measurements in the evaluation of the influence of emotional states on short-term memory retention

MANAGEMENT OF STRESS RELATED PSORIASIS W. S. R. TO CHETAH SAMAVAYI

There is a wide range of importance for appearance in present era. Psoriasis is chronic disorder which is commonly encountered in day to days clinical practices. It is one of the burning issue having social importance. Increased stress and life style are main predisposing factor which is accounting for wide spared prevalence of this disease. Usually10-15% cases present before general practitioners are pertaining to skin diseases. Due to altered life style, lack of physical exercise, unhygienic, mental stress, over eating, skin diseases are commonly observed. We can observe many diseases popping up especially due to mental stress i.e., Manasa Vikriti. There is Samavaya Sambandha between Tvacha and Manas (Chetah Samavayi). Most of the Tvak Vikaras are psychologically agonising and have negative impact on quality of life. Here it is important to remember the citation of Acharya Charaka regarding the relationship between the Tvacha and Manas, Tvacha is considered as Chetah Samvayi i.e., the skin has an eternal relationship with Manas (psyche/mind). The knowledge of Nidana is helpful for the proper diagnosis, prevention of disease and treatment also. Thus to treat any Tvak Gata Vikara, Bhishak should consider the skin ailment as well as condition of Manas. This paper highlights a case study of stress related Kitibha Kusta (Psoriasis) treated with Shodhana Chikitsa.

5-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H

In the title compound, C17H13ClN2O2, the phenyl and chlorobenzene rings are inclined to the central pyrazole ring at 40.84 (9) and 65.30 (9)°, respectively. In the crystal, pairs of C—H...π interactions link the molecules into inversion dimers and C—H...O hydrogen bonds link these dimers into columns extended in [010]. The crystal packing exhibits short intermolecular O...Cl contacts of 3.0913 (16) Å

Readiness of medical students for self-directed learning under competency based medical education – A cross-sectional study

Introduction: National Medical Commission (NMC) has introduced Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) for undergraduates (UG) of medical stream in India. Self-directed Learning (SDL) has become a vital part of CBME curriculum, such that NMC mentions some SDL hours can go beyond office hours if required. Therefore, assessing SDL becomes important among the UG medical students (MBBS). Objectives: To assess the readiness towards SDL method among the medical students under CBME curriculum and to find out the factors associated with their readiness towards SDL method. Subjects and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among the MBBS students under CBME curriculum studying at PESIMSR, Kuppam. All the 300 students were included with 241 participating in the study. Abridged Fisher's 29 item SDL readiness scale was used. Data were compiled and analyzed using the SPSS (version 23.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Among 241 students, the SDL readiness was found be below average, average and above average in 2%, 66% and 32% respectively. The above average category of SDL readiness was higher (36.07%) among the 1st CBME batch of students than compared to the 2nd batch (27.7%). SDL was found to be statistically significantly associated (P < 0.05) with age, mode of admission, parents' involvement in the learning process, stress in life and self-confidence of the students. Conclusion: The readiness to undergo SDL varies from student to student. Therefore, understanding their readiness is necessary to sensitize them regarding SDL method. By this, the students can achieve the SDL-based competencies in a better way

5-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

In the title compound, C17H13ClN2O2, the phenyl and chlorobenzene rings are inclined to the central pyrazole ring at 40.84 (9) and 65.30 (9), respectively. In the crystal, pairs of C—H interactions link the molecules into inversion dimers and C—HO hydrogen bonds link these dimers into columns extended in [010]. The crystal packing exhibits short intermolecular OCl contacts of 3.0913 (16) A˚

Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, energy frameworks, and DFT calculations of (2<i>e</i>)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-[5-methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1<i>h</i>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]prop-2-en-1-one

A novel triazole derivative was synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯ and exhibits inter-molecular hydrogen bonds of the type C–H…O and C–H…N. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the major intermolecular interaction is mainly due to H…H contacts. DFT calculations were performed to study their electronic properties. QTAIM and NCI studies were used to investigate the weak interactions in five triazole derivatives including the title compound.</p

Dimethyl 2-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidenebutanedioate

In the title compound, C12H11Cl3N2O4, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the hydrazine (NH-N=C) grouping is 52.2 (3)°. The butanedioate groups exhibit planar conformations. An intra­molecular N-H...O hydrogen bond links the N-H group of the hydrazine to one of the meth­oxy groups of the butane­dioate moiety. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds and [pi]-[pi] inter­actions are also observed [centroid-centroid separation = 3.535 (1) Å]