Simulation of various DC-DC converters for photovoltaic system

This work explains the comparison of various dc-dc converters for photovoltaic systems. In recent day insufficient energy and continues increasing in fuel cost, exploration on renewable energy system becomes more essential. For high and medium power applications, high input source from renewable systems like photovoltaic and wind energy system turn into difficult one, which leads to increase of cost for installation process. So the generated voltage from PV system is boosted with help various boost converter depends on the applications. Here the various converters are like boost converter, buck converter, buck-boost converter, cuk converter, sepic converter and zeta converter are analysed for photovoltaic system, which are verified using matlab / simulink

Patterns of healthcare utilisation in children and young people: a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected healthcare data in Northwest London

Objectives With a growing role for health services in managing population health, there is a need for early identification of populations with high need. Segmentation approaches partition the population based on demographics, long-term conditions (LTCs) or healthcare utilisation but have mostly been applied to adults. Our study uses segmentation methods to distinguish patterns of healthcare utilisation in children and young people (CYP) and to explore predictors of segment membership. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Routinely collected primary and secondary healthcare data in Northwest London from the Discover database. Participants 378,309 CYP aged 0-15 years registered to a general practice in Northwest London with one full year of follow-up. Primary and secondary outcome measures Assignment of each participant to a segment defined by seven healthcare variables representing primary and secondary care attendances, and description of utilisation patterns by segment. Predictors of segment membership described by age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation and LTCs. Results Participants were grouped into six segments based on healthcare utilisation. Three segments predominantly used primary care; two moderate utilisation segments differed in use of emergency or elective care, and a high utilisation segment, representing 16,632 (4.4%) children accounted for the highest mean presentations across all service types. The two smallest segments, representing 13.3% of the population, accounted for 62.5% of total costs. Younger age, residence in areas of higher deprivation, and presence of one or more LTCs were associated with membership of higher utilisation segments, but 75.0% of those in the highest utilisation segment had no LTC. Conclusions This article identifies six segments of healthcare utilisation in CYP and predictors of segment membership. Demographics and LTCs may not explain utilisation patterns as strongly as in adults which may limit the use of routine data in predicting utilisation and suggests children have less well-defined trajectories of service use than adults

Origin of Ferroelectricity in Orthorhombic LuFeO3_3

We demonstrate that small but finite ferroelectric polarization ($\sim$0.01 $\mu$C/cm$^2$) emerges in orthorhombic LuFeO$_3$ ($Pnma$) at $T_N$ ($\sim$600 K) because of commensurate (k = 0) and collinear magnetic structure. The synchrotron x-ray and neutron diffraction data suggest that the polarization could originate from enhanced bond covalency together with subtle contribution from lattice. The theoretical calculations indicate enhancement of bond covalency as well as the possibility of structural transition to the polar $Pna2_1$ phase below $T_N$. The $Pna2_1$ phase, in fact, is found to be energetically favorable below $T_N$ in orthorhombic LuFeO$_3$ ($albeit$ with very small energy difference) than in isostructural and nonferroelectric LaFeO$_3$ or NdFeO$_3$. Application of electric field induces finite piezostriction in LuFeO$_3$ via electrostriction resulting in clear domain contrast images in piezoresponse force microscopy.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

End-to-end security in embedded system for modern mobile communication technologies

Modern mobile electronic devices such as smartphones or cell phones can now be used for distant devices such as technical systems to monitor and control. While surveillance systems do not require high standards navigating about the time of transfer of the displayed data. More real-time data are needed for a remote mobile robot transfer. Therefore, it has investigated and measured not only the possibilities of employing mobile devices. But also, the supported data transmission channels, such as UMTS, GSM, Wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. The remotecontrol system is used in many applications such as smart homes, cities, smart hospitals, etc., but it must be today updated to ensure fast-changing technology. Extensive coverage, remote control, and reliable operation in realtime in the deployment of wireless security knowledge. The home automation control system delivers significant features together with a user-friendly interface. A secure remote-based end-to-end security system NTMobile, a technique that enables NAT to provide transverse and encrypted communication from end to end. This confirmed that evaluating the performance of the system in the ECHONET lite compatible smartphone ecosystem. This gives flexibility in configuring time-sensitive industrial networks and enables them to be secured. A safe and reliable remote-control system is also conceivable under the privacy of the user

Use of plant extracts and biocontrol agents for the management of brown spot disease in rice

Fifty plant extracts, four oil cakes and eight antagonistic organisms were tested against Bipolaris oryzae (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), the causal agent of brown spot disease of rice. In vitro studies indicated that two leaf extracts, Nerium oleander and Pithecolobium dulce exerted the higher percent inhibition to mycelial growth (77.4, 75.1%) and spore germination (80.3, 80.0%) of B. oryzae. Among the four oil cake extracts tested in vitro against B. oryzae, neem cake extract showed the maximum inhibition percent to mycelial growth (80.18%) and spore germination (81.13%) of the pathogen followed by mahua cake extract, castor and gingelly cake extract. Trichoderma viride (Tv2) was significantly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth (62.92%) and spore germination (77.03%) of the pathogen followed by Trichoderma harzianum (Th5) and Trichoderma reesei (Tr3). The promising leaf extracts, oil cake extracts and antagonistic microorganisms were further evaluated for their efficacies in disease management under glasshouse and field conditions. In glasshouse studies, post-infectional spraying of rice plants with neem cake extract, N. oleander leaf extract and T. viride (Tv2) was significantly effective in reducing the incidence of brown spot of rice by 66, 52 and 45 percent respectively. Two rounds of spraying of rice plants with neem cake extract, N. oleander leaf extract and T. viride (Tv2) in the field at initial appearance of disease and 15 days later reduced the incidence of brown spot (70, 53 and 48% disease reduction respectively) and increased the yield by 23, 18 and 15 percent respectively

Induction of systemic resistance in banana (Musa spp.) against Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) by combining chitin with root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0

Pseudomonas fluorescens strains CHA0 and Pf1 were investigated for their biocontrol efficacy against Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) in banana (Musa spp.) alone and in combination with chitin under glasshouse and field conditions. Bioformulation of P. fluorescens strain CHA0 with chitin was effective in reducing the banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) incidence in banana under glasshouse and field conditions. In addition to disease control, the bioformulation increased the economic yield significantly compared to the untreated control. Increased accumulation of oxidative enzymes, peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase and phenolics were observed in CHA0 bioformulation amended with chitin-treated plants challenged with BBTV under glasshouse conditions. Indirect ELISA indicated the reduction in viral antigen concentration in P. fluorescens strain CHA0 with chitin-treated banana plants corresponding to reduced disease ratings. The present study revealed that induction of defence enzymes by P. fluorescens with chitin amendment reduced the BBTD incidence and increased bunch yield in banana

Statistical tools for studying the temporal variations in chlorophyll-a concentration along the Southwest Bay of Bengal waters

454-464Multivariate statistical analysis such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to study the effect of physico-chemical parameters on chlorophyll distribution along the southwest Bay of Bengal from January 2012 to June 2014. Physical properties recorded showed clear seasonal patterns in sea surface temperature (26.2 – 32.8 °C), salinity (24 – 36 PSU), pH (7.808 to 8.428), photosynthetic photon flux (522 – 1220.4 μM m-2s-1) with the minimum and maximum values during monsoon and summer seasons, respectively. In contrast, the chemical variables such as nitrite (0.15 to 2.35 μM), nitrate (1.02 to 6.58 μM), ammonia (0.11 – 5.22 μM), total nitrogen (1.04 to 11.58 μM), inorganic phosphate (0.16 – 2.97 μM), total phosphorus (0.55 – 8.60μM) and reactive silicate (2.00 to 23.95 μM) showed the minimum and maximum concentration during summer and monsoon seasons, respectively. The high and low chlorophyll (0.10 to 6.92 μg l-1) and dissolved oxygen (4.07 and 7.884 mg l-1) concentrations are observed during summer and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively. PCA found that nitrogenous nutrients and chlorophyll are positively loaded and sea surface temperature (SST) was negatively loaded in all the seasons except during summer season. Inter-comparison of modeled and in-situ chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration showed a significant correlation during monsoon season by 93 % of matchup with a R2 = 0.930, N = 60 and SEE = ±0.369 compared to other seasons. Regression analysis also predicted the positive influence of nitrate and ammonia and negative influence of SST with chl-a

Observations on physico-chemical variability of seawater along Tamil Nadu coast, India onboard CRV Sagar Purvi

320-328Parameters that define the environmental variables, such as, phytoplankton biomass, chl-a, and nutrient concentration have been studied and analyzed during July 2017. During this study, vertical distribution of physico-chemical and water quality parameters has also been analyzed. Decrease in water temperature and dissolved oxygen from the surface to deep water up to the thermocline and oxycline were observed, which would be in relation to oxygen minimum zone. At the depth of 100 m, the concentration of chl-a is found high as compared to the surface water. The estimation of deep chlorophyll maximum has been chosen as a major investigation in this study. Moderate and high chl-a concentration (0.5-2.8 mg m-3) regardless of less NO3 flux (0.01-0.6 µM) have been recorded through in-situ and satellite observations. The concentration of SiO4 (5-35 µM) is likely enhanced in the vertical and surface water productivity. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions were carried out in order to determine the difference of the variables between the surface and deep water