Effects of atrazine and biphenol A on the rat ovarian granulosa cells

Atrazin (ATR), jedan od najčešće korišćenih herbicida, i bisfenol A (BPA), hemikalija koja ulazi u sastav plastike, pripadaju grupi endokrinih ometača koji, između ostalog, ispoljavaju negativne efekte na ženski reproduktivni sistem, prvenstveno na nivou steroidogeneze ovarijumskih granuloza ćelija. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je da proširi saznanja o uticaju ATR i BPA na steroidogenezu granuloza ćelija, ukaže na nova mesta delovanja ovih endokrinih ometača, kao i da definiše mehanizme preko kojih ATR i BPA utiču na steroidogeni i ovulacioni potencijal granuloza ćelija. In vitro tretman primarne kulture granuloza ćelija sa 20 μM ATR doveo je do smanjene produkcije estradiola i povećane produkcije progesterona, kao i promena na nivou ekspresije gena za protein uključene u steroidogenezu i diferencijaciju granuloza ćelija (aromataza, LHR, StAR, dezmolaza) i ovulaciju (AREG, EREG, PGR). Mehanizam delovanja ATR uključuje promene u aktivnosti cAMP/PKA, ERK1/2/CEBPβ i Akt signalnih puteva. In vivo tretman sa 50 mg/kg telesne mase ATR doveo je do smanjene ekspresije gena uključenih u kontrolu ovulacije (EREG, PGR) i izostanka ovulacije kod nezrelih ženki pacova tretiranih gonadotropinima. In vitro tretman nezrelih granuloza ćelija sa 100 μM BPA doveo je do smanjenog stvaranja progesterona putem narušavanja homeostaze holesterola, što se ogleda u sekvestraciji holesterola u perinukleusnom prostoru, smanjenoj ekspresiji gena za protein ABCA1, zaduženog za efluks holesterola, i povećanoj ekspresiji StAR proteina uključenog u transport holesterola i SREBP-1 proteina neophodnog za sintezu holesterola. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na nove mehanizme preko kojih ATR i BPA utiču na funkciju granuloza ćelija ovarijuma, kao i na potencijal za razvoj bolesti ovarijuma.Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide, and bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used in manufacturing of the polycarbonate plastics, belong to the group of endocrine disrupting chemicals. ATR and BPA exert adverse effects on ovarian granulosa cells’ steroidogenesis. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the effects of ATR and BPA, reveal new sites of ATR and BPA action in the ovary, and define the mechanisms through which ATR and BPA affect steroidogenic and ovulatory potential of granulosa cells. In vitro treatment of the primary culture of granulosa cells with 20 μM ATR caused a decrease in estradiol production, an increase in progesterone production, as well as changes in the expression level of the genes involved in steroidogenesis and differentiation of granulosa cells (Cyp19a1, Lhr, Star, Cyp11a1) and ovulation (Areg, Ereg, Pgr). The mechanism of ATR action involved changes in the activity of cAMP/PKA, ERK1/2/CEBPβ and Akt signaling pathways. In vivo treatment with 50 mg/kg body weight ATR reduced the expression level of the ovulatory genes (Ereg, Pgr) and blocked ovulation in the gonadotropin-treated immature female rats. In vitro treatment of immature granulosa cells with 100 μM BPA decreased progesterone production and altered cholesterol homeostasis, as evident by cholesterol sequestration to the perinuclear area, decrease in the expression level of the gene involved in cholesterol efflux (Abca1), and increase in the level of proteins involved in cholesterol transport (StAR) and biosynthesis (SREBP-1). Results reveal the novel mechanisms through which ATR and BPA impair function of ovarian granulosa cells, as well as the potential relationship between exposure to these endocrine disruptors and development of ovarian diseases

Effects of atrazine and biphenol A on the rat ovarian granulosa cells

Atrazin (ATR), jedan od najčešće korišćenih herbicida, i bisfenol A (BPA), hemikalija koja ulazi u sastav plastike, pripadaju grupi endokrinih ometača koji, između ostalog, ispoljavaju negativne efekte na ženski reproduktivni sistem, prvenstveno na nivou steroidogeneze ovarijumskih granuloza ćelija. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je da proširi saznanja o uticaju ATR i BPA na steroidogenezu granuloza ćelija, ukaže na nova mesta delovanja ovih endokrinih ometača, kao i da definiše mehanizme preko kojih ATR i BPA utiču na steroidogeni i ovulacioni potencijal granuloza ćelija. In vitro tretman primarne kulture granuloza ćelija sa 20 μM ATR doveo je do smanjene produkcije estradiola i povećane produkcije progesterona, kao i promena na nivou ekspresije gena za protein uključene u steroidogenezu i diferencijaciju granuloza ćelija (aromataza, LHR, StAR, dezmolaza) i ovulaciju (AREG, EREG, PGR). Mehanizam delovanja ATR uključuje promene u aktivnosti cAMP/PKA, ERK1/2/CEBPβ i Akt signalnih puteva. In vivo tretman sa 50 mg/kg telesne mase ATR doveo je do smanjene ekspresije gena uključenih u kontrolu ovulacije (EREG, PGR) i izostanka ovulacije kod nezrelih ženki pacova tretiranih gonadotropinima. In vitro tretman nezrelih granuloza ćelija sa 100 μM BPA doveo je do smanjenog stvaranja progesterona putem narušavanja homeostaze holesterola, što se ogleda u sekvestraciji holesterola u perinukleusnom prostoru, smanjenoj ekspresiji gena za protein ABCA1, zaduženog za efluks holesterola, i povećanoj ekspresiji StAR proteina uključenog u transport holesterola i SREBP-1 proteina neophodnog za sintezu holesterola. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na nove mehanizme preko kojih ATR i BPA utiču na funkciju granuloza ćelija ovarijuma, kao i na potencijal za razvoj bolesti ovarijuma.Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide, and bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used in manufacturing of the polycarbonate plastics, belong to the group of endocrine disrupting chemicals. ATR and BPA exert adverse effects on ovarian granulosa cells’ steroidogenesis. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the effects of ATR and BPA, reveal new sites of ATR and BPA action in the ovary, and define the mechanisms through which ATR and BPA affect steroidogenic and ovulatory potential of granulosa cells. In vitro treatment of the primary culture of granulosa cells with 20 μM ATR caused a decrease in estradiol production, an increase in progesterone production, as well as changes in the expression level of the genes involved in steroidogenesis and differentiation of granulosa cells (Cyp19a1, Lhr, Star, Cyp11a1) and ovulation (Areg, Ereg, Pgr). The mechanism of ATR action involved changes in the activity of cAMP/PKA, ERK1/2/CEBPβ and Akt signaling pathways. In vivo treatment with 50 mg/kg body weight ATR reduced the expression level of the ovulatory genes (Ereg, Pgr) and blocked ovulation in the gonadotropin-treated immature female rats. In vitro treatment of immature granulosa cells with 100 μM BPA decreased progesterone production and altered cholesterol homeostasis, as evident by cholesterol sequestration to the perinuclear area, decrease in the expression level of the gene involved in cholesterol efflux (Abca1), and increase in the level of proteins involved in cholesterol transport (StAR) and biosynthesis (SREBP-1). Results reveal the novel mechanisms through which ATR and BPA impair function of ovarian granulosa cells, as well as the potential relationship between exposure to these endocrine disruptors and development of ovarian diseases

Synthesis and characterization of s-cis-bis(ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetato)-μ-O,O′-glycinato-μ- hydroxo-dichromium(III)monohydrate

The reaction between s-cis-diaqua-(ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetato)-chromium(III) nitrate and glycine (mole ratio 1:1, pH = 6, 80 °C, 2 h) results in the formation of two nonelectrolytic compounds. One of them was identified as the title complex. The infrared and electronic absorption spectra, as well as the magnetic momentum confirm a binuclear structure and the existence of hydroxo and O, O′-glycinato bridges

Using Radio Irregularity for Increasing Residential Energy Awareness

Radio irregularity phenomenon is often considered as a shortcoming of wireless networks. In this paper, the method of using radio irregularity as an efficient human presence detection sensor in smart homes is presented. The method is mainly based on monitoring variations of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) within the messages used for the communication between wireless smart power outlets. The radio signals used for the inter-outlets communication can be absorbed, diffracted or reflected by objects in their propagation paths. When a human enters the existing radio communication field, the variation of the signal strength at the receiver is even more expressed. Based on the detected changes and compared to the initial thresholds set during the initialization phase, the system detects human presence. The proposed solution increases user awareness and automates the power control in households, with the primary goal to contribute in residential energy savings. Compared to conventional sensor networks, this approach preserves the sensorial intelligence, simplicity and low installation costs, without the need for additional sensors integration

Canine babesiosis treatment with three different medicines

Canine babesiosis is a relatively frequent disease in Croatia. Elevated body temperature, anemia and haemoglobinuria are the most common signs. Diagnosis is rapidly obtained by employing blood smears, as B. canis is present in the red blood cells of affected dogs. Treatment is favourable and without consequences. Blood work was performed initialy, prior to treatment, and on the 1st and the 7th day following treatment. Following history and examination of the dogs blood and urine samples were taken. After confirmation of B. canis in the red blood cells, alltogether 226 dogs were tretated. Out of them 80 were tretaed with Berenil® (diminazen aceturate, Hoechst), 72 were tretated with Imizol® (imidocarb dipropionate, Schering-Plough-Animal-Health) and 74 with Oxopirvedin® (fenamidine dizetionate, Merial). Clinical findings, haematological analysis and urine analysis are given and statistically assesed. After tretment with Berenil®, symptoms of babesiosis regressed within 24 hours. Health improved more slowly in the group treated with Oxopirvedin® in comparioson with the group treated with Berenil®. Contrary to the above, Imizol® displayed the slowest regression of the disease and reinfestation with B. canis within 30 days was not noted. That is not the case if treatment was provided by Berenil® and Oxopirvedin®. In all 226 cases of canine babesiosis side effects were not noted, except topically inflammed tissue at the site of subcutaneous application