Analysis and design of defected ground structure for EMC improvement in mixed-signal transceiver modules

In this research, the return path discontinuity (RPD), located under the power amplifier (PA) substrate, of X-band transceiver module (Base), mounted on a four-layer printed circuit board (PCB), is investigated to improve the signal integrity by reducing the difference in the reference potential. This study is performed by initially employing the wirebond method, through the assessment of both numbers and sizes of bondwires by advanced design system (ADS). Six bondwires of 25 µm are added, producing an improvement of 6.82 dB for the reflection coefficient and 1.19 dB for the isolation and insertion loss. For further improvement, spiral shape defected ground structure (DGS) is implemented in the inner ground layer (layer 2) without using bond wires. The DGS simulation results illustrate an improvement of 3 dB for S11 and 0.6 dB for S12. To improve the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the authors propose combination and integration of both wirebond and DGS methods, called wirebond–DGS method, which results in an improvement of 11.86 dB for S11, 1.34 dB for S12 and S21, and 12.03 dB for S22. Finally, the wirebond–DGS RF module was fabricated and the measurement results exhibit an improvement of 8.07 dB for S11 and 9.39 dB for S22 in comparison with the fabricated Base module. In addition, 0.53 dB improvement for both S12 and S21 is also achieved

Ethical Awareness, Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

This study aims to examine the ethical decision-making (EDM) model proposed by Schwartz (J Bus Ethics, doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2886-8,2016), where we consider the factors of non-rationality and aspects that affect ethical judgments of auditors to make the decision to blow the whistle. In this paper, we argue that the intention of whistleblowing depends on ethical awareness (EAW) and ethical judgment (EJW) as well as there is a mediation–moderation due to emotion (EMT) and perceived moral intensity (PMI) of auditors. Data were collected using an online surveywith 162 external auditors who worked on audit firms in Indonesia as well as 173 internal auditors working in the manufacturing and financial services. The result of multigroup analysis shows that emotion (EMT) can mediate the relationship between EAW and EJW. The nature of this relationship is more complex and then tested by adding moderating variables using consistent partial least squares approach. We found that EMT and PMI can improve the relationship between ethical judgments and whistleblowing intentions. These findings indicate that internal auditors are more likely to blow the whistle than external auditors; and reporting wrongdoing internally and anonymously are the preferred way of professional accountants to blow the whistle in Indonesia

Feature selective validation (FSV) for validation of computational electromagnetics (CEM). Part II -assessment of FSV performance

The feature selective validation (FSV) method has been proposed as a technique to allow the objective, quantified, comparison of data for inter alia validation of computational electromagnetics. In the companion paper "Feature selective validation for validation of computational electromagnetics. Part I-The FSV method," the method was outlined in some detail. This paper addresses two specific issues related to the implementation of the FSV method, namely "how well does it produce results that agree with visual assessment?" and "what benefit can it provide in a practical validation environment?" The first of these questions is addressed by comparing the FSV output to the results of an extensive survey of EMC engineers from several countries. The second is approached via a case study analysis