Characterization of multicopper oxidase CopA from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 : Involvement in bacterial lignin oxidation

CopA is a protein formed as part of a copper resistance operon in Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, but CopA has also been identified from gene library screening as a potential lignin-oxidising enzyme. Few bacterial homologues for bacterial multi-copper laccases have been identified that can assist in lignin degradation. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that copA and copC genes were found in the genomes of bacterial strains capable of lignin oxidation. In this study, CopA enzymes from bacterial strains with lignin oxidation activity, Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescens, were heterologously expressed and characterised kinetically, and expression of bacterial CopC proteins was also investigated. Purified CopA enzymes were dependent upon exogenous copper (II) ions for activity when expressed under fully aerated conditions, however after expression under microaerobic conditions with copper reconstitution, the activity was independent of copper addition. The CopA enzymes showed activity towards the laccase substrates 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS); syringaldazine (SGZ); guaiacol; 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). Moreover, CopA proteins were able to oxidise the lignin model compounds guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl (GGE) and 2,2′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-5,5′-dicarboxybiphenyl (DDVA), giving oxidised dimerised products; and they were active towards Ca-lignosulfonate, giving vanillic acid as product. A double gene deletion of copA-I and copA-II genes in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was constructed, and this mutant showed diminished growth capability on different small aromatic compounds related with lignin degradation, when copper salts were present in the media

Perencanaan Ulang Balok Beton Bertulang Pada Gedung Rusunawa Umm Dengan Metode Strut and Tie

Deep beam is the reinforced concrete structure, which has loads like normal beam, but has acomparatively high rate / width of a large, with clean span of Ln equal to or less than four times theoverall member height (h) or twice effectively depth beam (2d ) from the face of support withconcentrated loading. Strut and Tie Model (STM) is a method used to find the balance between loadand reaction forces in the concrete and steel.Redesign on Rusunawa beams using deep beam structure that consists of, beam 0.9 mx0,3mwith length 6.8 m that loaded of concentrated loading and deep beam 1.3 mx0, 4m by 4.2 meterslong that uniformly distributed loading. quality of concrete is used 25 Mpa and the quality of Steel350 MpaFrom the results of planning by using Strut and Tie Model (STM), obtained main flexurereinforcement of 6.8 meters is 4D19 for tensile bar and 5D19 for assembling bar. and Ø8- 160mmfor horizontal and vertical stirrups. As for the deep beam spans 4.2 meters, obtained flexurereinforcement is 5D20 for tensile and assembling bar and Ø8 - 220.2 mm for horizontal and verticalstirrups

The hypodense artery sign in acute cerebral infarction

A 77-year-old man was admitted with severe stenosis of both left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries and mitral valve regurgitation. He underwent mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). During the second postoperative day, sedation having been stopped, the patient presented a left hemiplegia and homolateral central facial paralysis

Avaliação da torta de mamona e tungue como fertilizante orgânico para cultura do feijão.

Titulo em inglês: Evaluation of castor bean and tung as fertilizer organic for crop of beans