Transformaci?n de las concepciones sociol?gicas sobre naturaleza de la ciencia (ndc) en estudiantes de la instituci?n educativa t?cnica Fabio Lozano Piedras - Tolima

121 P?ginasEl estudio de la Naturaleza de la Ciencia y las relaciones CTSA es fundamental en la ense?anza de la tecnolog?a y las ciencias porque da una idea multidimensional de los diversos factores que intervienen en la soluci?n de problemas cient?ficos y tecnol?gicos, adem?s de dar una visi?n hist?rica y una contextualizaci?n de los contenidos ense?ados. Al realizar actividades de este tipo los estudiantes de secundaria, pregrado y programas superiores transforman su imagen de la tecnolog?a y las ciencias y mejoran sus actitudes hacia las mismas. Este documento presenta informaci?n acerca de conceptos, investigaciones y estudios desarrollados desde la Did?ctica de las Ciencias, sobre concepciones de NdC en el mundo contempor?neo, que gira alrededor de los sistemas cient?fico-tecnol?gicos. Se hace ?nfasis en el proyecto de investigaci?n ?Incidencia de una unidad did?ctica, desde la perspectiva de la sociolog?a de la ciencia, en la transformaci?n progresiva de concepciones sobre NdC de los estudiantes del grado 11 de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Fabio Lozano y Lozano del Municipio de Piedras ? Tolima?, por medio del cual se pretende aplicar un estudio cualitativo basado en la investigaci?n acci?n, enfocado hacia las relaciones CTSA, que aplica estrategias pedag?gicas que han demostrado ser adecuadas para transformar de manera gradual concepciones en los estudiantes.INTRODUCCI?N 12 1. JUSTIFICACI?N 15 2. OBJETIVOS 17 2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 17 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 17 3. FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 19 4. CONTEXTUALIZACION DEL PROBLEMA 20 5. MARCO TEORICO Y ANTECEDENTES 23 5.1 CONCEPCIONES SOBRE NATURALEZA DE LA CIENCIA 23 5.2 LA DID?CTICA DE LA CIENCIA, DISCIPLINA EN CONSTRUCCI?N 29 5.3 COMPONENTE SOCIOL?GICO DE LA CIENCIA ? RELACIONES CTSA 35 5.4 ENFOQUES METODOL?GICOS Y APRENDIZAJE SIGNIFICATIVO 37 6. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 41 6.1 TIPO Y DISE?O DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 41 6.2 ESTUDIOS SOBRE EL CAMPO CONCEPTUAL DE LA COMPOSICI?N DE LA MATERIA ? MEZCLAS, EVOLUCI?N HIST?RICO SOCIAL E INFLUENCIA CTSA 46 6.3 DISE?O DE UNIDADES DID?CTICAS 56 6.3.1 Unidad Did?ctica 1: ?Relaciones CTSA? 57 6.3.2 Unidad Did?ctica 2: ?C?mo trabajan los cient?ficos? 58 6.3.3 Unidad Did?ctica 3: ?Influencia y aplicaci?n de las CTSA? 59 7. AN?LISIS E INTERPRETACI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 61 7.1 FASE 1: RESULTADOS SEG?N EL INSTRUMENTO COCTS Y DESARROLLO DE LA UNIDAD NO.1 DONDE SE EXPLORARON LAS CONCEPCIONES DE LOS ESTUDIANTES ACERCA DE LAS RELACIONES CTSA Y EL TEMA COMPOSICI?N DE LA MATERIA MEZCLAS. 61 7.2 FASE 2: AN?LISIS DE LA INFORMACI?N RECOGIDA DURANTE EL ESTUDIO DE LAS UNIDADES DID?CTICAS NO2 Y NO3. 76 7.3 FASE 3: COMPARACI?N DE LAS DIFERENTES RESPUESTAS DADAS POR LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ACUERDO AL AN?LISIS CONCEPTUAL Y HABILIDADES COGNITIVAS, LING??STICAS Y META COGNITIVAS 85 8. CONCLUSIONES 96 9. RECOMENDACIONES 100 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS 102 ANEXOS 10

Identification of e-young chronics through questionnaire

Background and Aims: Transforming the doctor-patient re lationship from analog to digital is no simple task and requires a great deal of courage and visionary leadership. The first step to do so is to identify the digital capabilities that the ultimate re cipient of every health system possesses: the patient. Methods: A scale questionnaire of 5 questions related to digital applications is carried out to patients under follow-up for type 1 diabetes mellitus, between 18?65 years old, who are prescribed the Abbott Freestyle Libre flash glucose monitoring device, which requires their connection to a mobile application (Libreview) by the user, for optimal use and communication of data with the healthcare professional electronically. Results: 62 patients were included.In the classification by predefined subgroups according to the questionnaire score, 35 patients (56.45%) were identified as having advanced training; 16 (25.81%) of basic training and 11 (17.74%) without digital training. 82.86% (29/35) of the patients predefined as highly qualified used the system adequately, compared to 43.75% (7/16) of those with low training and 0% (0/11) of patients without technological capabilities; p < 0.001. Conclusions: The coronavirus-19 pandemic has subjected our health services to a stress test like never before. In the current remote care scenario, we are presented with an opportunity (the great opportunity) to serve people immersed in the digital age. It would be bad news if after this pandemic, we returned to the starting box, the identification of those e-young and e-senior chronics patients is the first essential step to avoid it. Comunicaci?n-p?ster presentada en: ATTD Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes Conference Online del 2 al 5 june 2021

Propuesta de un modelo de mesa de partes virtual (MPV) para las entidades de la administraci?n p?blica

Dentro del contexto del Estado de Emergencia Sanitaria como consecuencia del COVID-19 y como parte de las medidas destinadas para modernizar la gesti?n en las entidades de la Administraci?n P?blica, la investigaci?n busca analizar si existerelaci?n entrela implementaci?n de una mesa de partes virtual est?ndar para todas las entidades de la Administraci?n P?blica y el desarrollo de los procesos de simplificaci?n administrativa, con el prop?sito de brindar valor p?blico a los ciudadanos en sus relaciones con las entidades estatales, de todos los niveles de gobierno.La existencia de un marco normativo que regula la implementaci?n de esta soluci?n no es suficiente, ya que las mesas de partes virtuales existentes difieren entre s?, dificultando el acceso a los ciudadanos a este canal de atenci?n, por lo que, luego de analizar c?mo es que los lineamientos para la implementaci?n de una mesa de partes virtual est?ndar influyen positivamenteen la simplificaci?n administrativa en las entidades p?blicasy de concluir en la existencia de una relaci?n entre ambos conceptos, se incluye una propuesta y los beneficios que se espera conseguir con su puesta en funcionamiento

New Recurrent Structural Aberrations in the Genome of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Based on Exome-Sequencing Data

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent lymphoproliferative syndrome in Western countries, and it is characterized by recurrent large genomic rearrangements. During the last decades, array techniques have expanded our knowledge about CLL's karyotypic aberrations. The advent of large sequencing databases expanded our knowledge cancer genomics to an unprecedented resolution and enabled the detection of small-scale structural aberrations in the cancer genome. In this study, we have performed exome-sequencing-based copy number aberration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in order to detect new recurrent structural aberrations. We describe 54 recurrent focal CNAs enriched in cancer-related pathways, and their association with gene expression and clinical evolution. Furthermore, we discovered recurrent large copy number neutral LOH events affecting key driver genes, and we recapitulate most of the large CNAs that characterize the CLL genome. These results provide "proof-of-concept" evidence supporting the existence of new genes involved in the pathogenesis of CLL

Comparison of Bisulfite Pyrosequencing and Methylation-Specific qPCR for Methylation Assessment

Different methodological approaches are available to assess DNA methylation biomarkers. In this study, we evaluated two sodium bisulfite conversion-dependent methods, namely pyrosequencing and methylation-specific qPCR (MS-qPCR), with the aim of measuring the closeness of agreement of methylation values between these two methods and its effect when setting a cut-off. Methylation of tumor suppressor gene p16/INK4A was evaluated in 80 lung cancer patients from which cytological lymph node samples were obtained. Cluster analyses were used to establish methylated and unmethylated groups for each method. Agreement and concordance between pyrosequencing and MS-qPCR was evaluated with Pearson's correlation, Bland-Altman, Cohen's kappa index and ROC curve analyses. Based on these analyses, cut-offs were derived for MS-qPCR. An acceptable correlation (Pearson's R2 = 0.738) was found between pyrosequencing (PYRmean) and MS-qPCR (NMP; normalized methylation percentage), providing similar clinical results when categorizing data as binary using cluster analysis. Compared to pyrosequencing, MS-qPCR tended to underestimate methylation for values between 0 and 15%, while for methylation >30% overestimation was observed. The estimated cut-off for MS-qPCR data based on cluster analysis, kappa-index agreement and ROC curve analysis were much lower than that derived from pyrosequencing. In conclusion, our results indicate that independently of the approach used for estimating the cut-off, the methylation percentage obtained through MS-qPCR is lower than that calculated for pyrosequencing. These differences in data and therefore in the cut-off should be examined when using methylation biomarkers in the clinical practice

Spin-Orbit induced semiconductor spin guides

The tunability of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling allows to build semiconductor heterostructures with space modulated coupling intensities. We show that a wire-shaped spin-orbit modulation in a quantum well can support propagating electronic states inside the wire only for a certain spin orientation and, therefore, it acts as an effective spin transmission guide for this particular spin orientation.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. e-mail contact: [email protected], to appear in Nanotechnology (2003

Improved personalized survival prediction of patients with diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma using gene expression profiling

BACKGROUND: Thirty to forty percent of patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) have an adverse clinical evolution. The increased understanding of DLBCL biology has shed light on the clinical evolution of this pathology, leading to the discovery of prognostic factors based on gene expression data, genomic rearrangements and mutational subgroups. Nevertheless, additional efforts are needed in order to enable survival predictions at the patient level. In this study we investigated new machine learning-based models of survival using transcriptomic and clinical data. METHODS: Gene expression profiling (GEP) of in 2 different publicly available retrospective DLBCL cohorts were analyzed. Cox regression and unsupervised clustering were performed in order to identify probes associated with overall survival on the largest cohort. Random forests were created to model survival using combinations of GEP data, COO classification and clinical information. Cross-validation was used to compare model results in the training set, and Harrel's concordance index (c-index) was used to assess model's predictability. Results were validated in an independent test set. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-three and sixty-four patients were included in the training and test set, respectively. Initially we derived and validated a 4-gene expression clusterization that was independently associated with lower survival in 20% of patients. This pattern included the following genes: TNFRSF9, BIRC3, BCL2L1 and G3BP2. Thereafter, we applied machine-learning models to predict survival. A set of 102 genes was highly predictive of disease outcome, outperforming available clinical information and COO classification. The final best model integrated clinical information, COO classification, 4-gene-based clusterization and the expression levels of 50 individual genes (training set c-index, 0.8404, test set c-index, 0.7942). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that DLBCL survival models based on the application of machine learning algorithms to gene expression and clinical data can largely outperform other important prognostic variables such as disease stage and COO. Head-to-head comparisons with other risk stratification models are needed to compare its usefulness

Novel Mutation Hotspots within Non-Coding Regulatory Regions of the Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Genome

Mutations in non-coding DNA regions are increasingly recognized as cancer drivers. These mutations can modify gene expression in cis or by inducing high-order chormatin structure modifications with long-range effects. Previous analysis reported the detection of recurrent and functional non-coding DNA mutations in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) genome, such as those in the 3' untranslated region of NOTCH1 and in the PAX5 super-enhancer. In this report, we used whole genome sequencing data produced by the International Cancer Genome Consortium in order to analyze regions with previously reported regulatory activity. This approach enabled the identification of numerous recurrently mutated regions that were frequently positioned in the proximity of genes involved in immune and oncogenic pathways. By correlating these mutations with expression of their nearest genes, we detected significant transcriptional changes in genes such as PHF2 and S1PR2. More research is needed to clarify the function of these mutations in CLL, particularly those found in intergenic regions