Effect of genotype on morphological and quality features of sugar beet

The importance of sugar beet is great because it gives root yield of about 50 t ha-1 and 30 - 40 t of fresh leaves and heads of beet that is used for feeding cattle. In the Republic of Serbia are favorable agro-ecological and soil conditions for the production of sugar beet. In the structure of total arable land of the Republic of Serbia, sugar beet accounts for about 2% where 94% of it is in Vojvodina, which has the most favorable climate and soil conditions, tradition and proximity of capacities for root production and processing. In addition to its adaptability to climatic conditions, sugar beet reacting quickly to changes in meteorological factors which greatly affect root yield and sugar content. In the three-year trials it was examined morphological characteristics and the amount of a-amino N in five genotype of sugar beet. According to the survey results, the largest number of leaves at the genotypes at technological maturity had the genotype Otis (35.33) while the smallest had had genotype Severina (15:53). Genotype Otis, as a whole, had the highest leaf area (X=10193.13 and Xmax = 11483.79), and the lowest had genotype Severina (X = 4242.33; Xmin = 3982.44). The lowest average value of the amount of α -amino N indicators were found for Chiara and Laetitia (X = 2.23). The observed traits were largely depended on the genotypes and years. Genetic variation is necessary for successful breeding

Otpornost nekih komercijalnih sorti pšenice prema Tilletia tritici

This paper deals with the resistance of twenty commercial winter wheat cultivars to common bunt causal agent (Tilletia tritici). Significant differences among the cultivars concerning the infection percent were observed, as well as the differences in the level of commercial cultivars' resistance to T. tritici. Most of the studied cultivars belonged to susceptible categories, and just few of them to the resistant ones. Cultivar Lasta was classified as highly resistant during the both investigation years in Kragujevac, while in Leposavić Lasta and Tiha were classified as resistant. The other studied cultivars were more or less susceptible.U radu je prikazana otpornost dvadeset komercijalnih sorti pšenice prema prouzrokovaču glavnice (Tillecia tritici). Utvrđeno je da postoje značajne razlike u procentu infekcije pojedinih sorata, kao i to da je otpornost komercijalnih sorata pšenice prema T. tritici različita. Većina ispitivanih sorata pripadala je osetljivim, a manji broj otpornim kategorijama. Vrlo otporna u obe godine proučavanja u Kragujevcu bila je sorta Lasta, a u lokalitetu Leposavić u kategoriji otpornih bile su sorte Lasta i Tiha. Ostale proučavane sorte su bile manje ili više osetljive

Influence of fertilization at the nitrogen content and mass of the nodule of soybean (Glicyne max (L.) Merr)

Soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr) je jednogodišnja leguminozna biljka. Pripada porodici Fabaceae. Soja se u svetu gaji na oko 117 mil. ha i zauzima vodeće mesto među proteinsko-uljanim kulturama. Ogled sa sojom izveden je na pseudogleju. Istraživanja su obavljena sa ciljem da se ispita uticaj đubrenja azotom na masu nodula i sadržaj azota u nodulama soje, na lokalitetu Brezovo Polje u Brčkom, na zemljištu tipa pseudoglej. Primenje su četiri varijante N đubrenja: 1.) 0 kg/ha, kontrola; 2.) 50 kg/ha; 3.) 100 kg/ha i 4.) 150 kg/ha. Najveća masa nodula bila je u kontrolnoj varijanti dok je u varijanti sa najvećom količinom hraniva bila najmanja masa nodula. Najveći sadržaj azota u nodulama bio je u varijanti sa primenom 50 kg ha-1 i iznosio je 4,93 %, dok je najmanji sadržaj azota u nodulama bio u kontrolnoj varijanti. Pozitivna nesignifikantna korelaciona veza ostvarena je između mase nodula i sadržaja azota u nodulama (r=0,19).Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is an annual legume plant. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. Soybeans are grown in the world at around 117 million ha and occupies a leading position among the protein-oil crops. The experiment was carried out with soybean on pseudogley. The trial was conducted in order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the mass of nodules and nitrogen content in soybean nodules at the site of Brezovo Polje in Brčko, on pseudogley. Applied four variants nitrogen fertilization: 1) 0 kg ha-1, control; 2) 50 kg ha-1; 3) 100 kg ha-1, and 4) 150 kg ha-1. Maximum mass of nodules was in control variant and the variant with the highest amount of nutrients the minimum weight of nodules. The highest content of nitrogen in nodules was in the variant with the application of 50 kg ha-1 and amounted to 4.93%, while the lowest content of nitrogen in nodules was in control variant. Positive non-significant correlation was achieved between the weight of nodules and nitrogen content in nodules (r = 0.19)

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Brassica oleracea var. sabauda and B-oleracea var. capitata

Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4M70GUS-mediated transformation of Savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabauda) and two local lines of cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) was obtained using hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. The percentage of explants which formed roots was very high in all genotypes: 92.3 % in Savoy Gg-1, 64.4 % in cabbage P22I5, and 87.2 % in P34I5. Spontaneous shoot regeneration of excised root cultures grown on the hormone-free medium occurred in all three genotypes. In cabbage lines P22I5 and P34I5 shoot regeneration was higher (9.3 and 2.6 % respectively) than in Savoy cabbage Gg-1 (1.3 %). Transgenic nature of hairy root-derived plants was evaluated by GUS histological test and PCR analysis. All the tested cabbage shoots were GUS positive whilst in a Savoy cabbage GUS expression was registered only in 55 % of tested clones. PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of the GUS gene in regenerated shoot clones and in T-1 progeny.nul

Winter wheat yield and quality depending on the level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization

© 2019, University of Montenegro. All rights reserved. Tests were carried out on stationary field trial, soil type vertisol in the process of degradation. The land on which the view is derived is characterized by low pH (pH<5.0). The Dose of nitrogen was 120 kg N/ha, which was administered in combination with phosphorous and potassium fertilizer. The tests showed a significant grain yield. Nitrogen had a most significant impact on the yield of wheat. The average grain yield of all treatments in the 2008/09 growing season was significantly greater than in the following years, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. The average highest yield was achieved in the variant N120P100K60 (5.528 t/ha), although the high yield of more than 5 t/ha was obtained and the triple treatments NPK where nitrogen is applied in the maximum amount of 120 kg/ha, 60 kg/ha P2O5 and 60 kg/ha K2O as well as variants NP in a quantity of 100 kg/ha P2O5 and 60 kg/ha K2O. Also, the 1000-grain weight was highest in balanced fertilization with all nutrients NPK (40 g), in a quantity of 120 kg N/ha, 100 kg/ha P2O5 and 60 kg/ha K2O. Averaged across years, significantly higher values for test weight were found in the control (76.91 kg/hl). Variance analysis showed statistically significant differences for grain yield and test weight between the vegetation seasons. Significant differences for 1000 grain weight between the variants of fertilization

Effects of plant genotype and bacterial strain on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata

Two inbred lines of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata were transformed with two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harboring resistance to herbicide Basta: AGL1/pDM805 and LBA4404/pGKB5 (LB5-1). Inoculated cotyledons and hypocotyls provided equally good explants and manifested a high percentage of shoot regeneration on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l benzyladenine and 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. The P34I5 genotype was superior to P22I5 in shoot regeneration (48.1 vs. 26.9%), multiplication, and acclimation in the greenhouse (76 vs. 40%). A. tumefaciens AGL1/pDM805 provided more regenerated shoots per explant, especially in the case of cotyledon explants, and the higher transformation rate (up to 35% vs. up to 12%) as compared to LB5-1. Putative transformants survived spraying with 10-30 mg/l phosphinothricin. Transformation was confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis in T0 and T1 generations.nul

Impact of long-term fertilization on yield in wheat grown on soil type vertisol

© 2020, University of Montenegro. All rights reserved. Experiments were carried out at stationary in Kragujevac, in Serbia, during the three growing seasons. The primary aim of the research was perceiving of the influence of long-term usage of the same amounts and rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat variety „Kruna“. Uptake NPK uptake by wheat ranged from 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen, from 60 to 100 kg ha-1 phosphorus and 60 kg ha-1 potassium, respectively, depending on treatments type. The grain yield of the wheat was significantly lower in control (treatment without fertilizer). The three-year grain yield of winter wheat was the highest in the NP1K and NP2K (4.367 and 4.531 t ha-1) treatments. In terms of investigated traits, particularly grain yield and test weight fertilizer expressed more efficiency in the 2014/2015. Variance analysis showed statistically very significant differences for grain yield, 1.000-grain weight and test weight between the vegetation seasons and very significant differences for grain yield and 1000-grain weight between the variants of fertilization. Variance analysis showed very significant differences for 1000-grain weight between the interaction of the vegetation seasons and variants of fertilization. It could be concluded that the grain yield in all treatments in the 2014/2015 growing season was significantly greater than in the other examined years, mostly as the result of highly favorable weather conditions at major stages of plant development wheat

Effects of plant genotype and bacterial strain on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata

Two inbred lines of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata were transformed with two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harboring resistance to herbicide Basta: AGL1/pDM805 and LBA4404/pGKB5 (LB5-1). Inoculated cotyledons and hypocotyls provided equally good explants and manifested a high percentage of shoot regeneration on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l benzyladenine and 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. The P34I5 genotype was superior to P22I5 in shoot regeneration (48.1 vs. 26.9%), multiplication, and acclimation in the greenhouse (76 vs. 40%). A. tumefaciens AGL1/pDM805 provided more regenerated shoots per explant, especially in the case of cotyledon explants, and the higher transformation rate (up to 35% vs. up to 12%) as compared to LB5-1. Putative transformants survived spraying with 10-30 mg/l phosphinothricin. Transformation was confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis in T0 and T1 generations.nul