6,368 research outputs found
The structural and diagenetic evolution of injected sandstones: examples from the Kimmeridgian of NE Scotland
Abstract: Injected sandstones occurring in the Kimmeridgian of NE Scotland along the bounding Great Glen
and Helmsdale faults formed when basinal fluids moved upward along the fault zones, fluidizing Oxfordian
sands encountered at shallow depth and injecting them into overlying Kimmeridgian strata. The orientation of
dykes, in addition to coeval faults and fractures, was controlled by a stress state related to dextral strike-slip
along the bounding fault zones. Diagenetic studies of cements allow the reconstruction of the fluid flow
history. The origin of deformation bands in sandstone dykes and sills was related to the contraction of the
host-rocks against dyke and sill walls following the initial stage of fluidized flow, and these deformation bands
are the earliest diagenetic imprint. Early non-ferroan calcite precipitated in injection structures at temperatures
between 70 and 100 8C, indicating that it precipitated from relatively hot basinal fluids that drove injection.
Coeval calcite-filled fractures show similar temperatures, suggesting that relatively hot fluids were responsible
for calcite precipitation in any permeable pathway created by dextral simple shear along the faults. During
progressive burial, percolating sea water was responsible for completely cementing the still relatively porous
injected sandstones with a second generation of ferroan calcite, which contains fluid inclusions with
homogenization temperatures below 50 8C. During this phase, depositional host sandstones were also
cemented
Abradable compressor and turbine seals, volume 1
The application and advantages of abradable coatings as gas-path seals in a general aviation turbine engine were evaluated for use on the high-pressure compressor, the high-pressure turbine, and the low-pressure turbine shrouds. Topics covered include: (1) the initial selection of candidate materials for interim full-scale engine testing; (2) interim engine testing of the initially selected materials and additional candidate materials; (3) the design of the component required to adapt the hardware to permit full-scale engine testing of the most promising materials; (4) finalization of the fabrication methods used in the manufacture of engine test hardware; and (5) the manufacture of the hardware necessary to support the final full-scale engine tests
Abradable compressor and turbine seals, volume 2
The applications and advantages of abradable coatings as gas path seals in a general aviation turbofan engine were investigated. Abradable materials were evaluated for the high pressure radial compressor and the axial high and low pressure turbine shrouds
Modelling inelastic granular media using Dynamical Density Functional Theory
We construct a new mesoscopic model for granular media using Dynamical
Density Functional Theory (DDFT). The model includes both a collision operator
to incorporate inelasticity and the Helmholtz free energy functional to account
for external potentials, interparticle interactions and volume exclusion. We
use statistical data from event-driven microscopic simulations to determine the
parameters not given analytically by the closure relations used to derive the
DDFT. We numerically demonstrate the crucial effects of each term in the DDFT,
and the importance of including an accurately parametrised pair correlation
function
Extreme value statistics and return intervals in long-range correlated uniform deviates
We study extremal statistics and return intervals in stationary long-range
correlated sequences for which the underlying probability density function is
bounded and uniform. The extremal statistics we consider e.g., maximum relative
to minimum are such that the reference point from which the maximum is measured
is itself a random quantity. We analytically calculate the limiting
distributions for independent and identically distributed random variables, and
use these as a reference point for correlated cases. The distributions are
different from that of the maximum itself i.e., a Weibull distribution,
reflecting the fact that the distribution of the reference point either
dominates over or convolves with the distribution of the maximum. The
functional form of the limiting distributions is unaffected by correlations,
although the convergence is slower. We show that our findings can be directly
generalized to a wide class of stochastic processes. We also analyze return
interval distributions, and compare them to recent conjectures of their
functional form
Possibility between earthquake and explosion seismogram differentiation by discrete stochastic non-Markov processes and local Hurst exponent analysis
The basic purpose of the paper is to draw the attention of researchers to new
possibilities of differentiation of similar signals having different nature.
One of examples of such kind of signals is presented by seismograms containing
recordings of earthquakes (EQ's) and technogenic explosions (TE's). We propose
here a discrete stochastic model for possible solution of a problem of strong
EQ's forecasting and differentiation of TE's from the weak EQ's. Theoretical
analysis is performed by two independent methods: with the use of statistical
theory of discrete non-Markov stochastic processes (Phys. Rev. E62,6178 (2000))
and the local Hurst exponent. Time recordings of seismic signals of the first
four dynamic orthogonal collective variables, six various plane of phase
portrait of four dimensional phase space of orthogonal variables and the local
Hurst exponent have been calculated for the dynamic analysis of the earth
states. The approaches, permitting to obtain an algorithm of strong EQ's
forecasting and to differentiate TE's from weak EQ's, have been developed.Comment: REVTEX +12 ps and jpg figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
E, December 200
Entropy of the Nordic electricity market: anomalous scaling, spikes, and mean-reversion
The electricity market is a very peculiar market due to the large variety of
phenomena that can affect the spot price. However, this market still shows many
typical features of other speculative (commodity) markets like, for instance,
data clustering and mean reversion. We apply the diffusion entropy analysis
(DEA) to the Nordic spot electricity market (Nord Pool). We study the waiting
time statistics between consecutive spot price spikes and find it to show
anomalous scaling characterized by a decaying power-law. The exponent observed
in data follows a quite robust relationship with the one implied by the DEA
analysis. We also in terms of the DEA revisit topics like clustering,
mean-reversion and periodicities. We finally propose a GARCH inspired model but
for the price itself. Models in the context of stochastic volatility processes
appear under this scope to have a feasible description.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Stochastic Opinion Formation in Scale-Free Networks
The dynamics of opinion formation in large groups of people is a complex
non-linear phenomenon whose investigation is just at the beginning. Both
collective behaviour and personal view play an important role in this
mechanism. In the present work we mimic the dynamics of opinion formation of a
group of agents, represented by two state , as a stochastic response of
each of them to the opinion of his/her neighbours in the social network and to
feedback from the average opinion of the whole. In the light of recent studies,
a scale-free Barab\'asi-Albert network has been selected to simulate the
topology of the interactions. A turbulent-like dynamics, characterized by an
intermittent behaviour, is observed for a certain range of the model
parameters. The problem of uncertainty in decision taking is also addressed
both from a topological point of view, using random and targeted removal of
agents from the network, and by implementing a three state model, where the
third state, zero, is related to the information available to each agent.
Finally, the results of the model are tested against the best known network of
social interactions: the stock market. A time series of daily closures of the
Dow Jones index has been used as an indicator of the possible applicability of
our model in the financial context. Good qualitative agreement is found.Comment: 24 pages and 13 figures, Physical Review E, in pres
Symbiont-mediated fly survival is independent of defensive symbiont genotype in theDrosophila melanogaster-Spiroplasma-wasp interaction
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