Start-up success of freelancers New microeconometric evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel

If certain start-up characteristics will indicate a business success, knowing such characteristics could generate more successful start-ups and more efficient start-up counseling. Our study will contribut e to this by quantifying individual success determinants of freelance start-ups. The data base for the microeconometric analyses of the survival of the first three years is a revised German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for 1992 until 2002, which allows to incorporate institutional, personal and family/household socio-economic variables. We describe and discuss the datawork to achieve compatible information over time within a revised GSOEP and present microeconometric rare events logit, logit and probit results. The start-up success measured as the probability to survive the first three years is first of all influenced by an active labour force participation with its acquired skills and working experiences just before the start-up period (rank 1), followed by a non-university degree as the highest general human capital indicator (rank 2), a general (non-linear) experience indicated by age (rank 3) and the business related background (rank 4) as the type of liberal profession in the group of the liberal medical professions and the liberal technical and scientific professions

Transport of Kr35+ inner-shells through solid carbon foils

New experimental data on the transport of Kr35+ inner-shells initially populated either by capture or by excitation processes are presented. Absolute Lyman (np → 1s) intensities, directly related to the np state populations, as well as 3lj substate populations have been determined over a range of carbon target thickness allowing to study the transport from single collision conditions to equilibrium. Results are compared with predictions of different transport simulations which take into account multiple collisions, the strong target polarization induced by the incoming HCI (the wake field), and radiative decay. Very good agreement is found between theory and experiment for the np populations up to n = 5 where induced wake mixing becomes visible. The simulations also explain the behavior of the 3lj populations of Kr35+ which exhibit a strong sensitivity to the presence of radiative decay during transport and the effective value of the wake field