4,819 research outputs found
Identifying the outflow driving sources in Orion-KL
The enigmatic outflows of the Orion-KL region have raised discussions about
their potential driving sources for several decades. Here, we present C18O(2-1)
observations combined from the Submillimeter Array and the IRAM30m telescope.
The molecular gas is associated on large scales with the famous
northwest-southeast high-velocity outflow whereas the high-velocity gas on
small spatial scales traces back to the recently identified submm source SMA1.
Therefore, we infer that SMA1 may host the driving source of this outflow.
Based on the previously published thermal and maser SiO data, source I is the
prime candidate to drive the northeast-southwest low-velocity outflow. The
source SMA1 is peculiar because it is only detected in several submm wavelength
bands but neither in the infrared nor cm regime. We discuss that it may be a
very young intermediate- to high-mass protostar. The estimated outflow masses
are high whereas the dynamical time-scale of the outflow is short of the order
10^3yrs.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Astrophysical Journal Letters in press, a
high-resolution version is available at
http://www.mpia.de/homes/beuther/papers.htm
The problem of the Pleiades distance. Constraints from Stromgren photometry of nearby field stars
The discrepancy between the Pleiades cluster distance based on Hipparcos
parallaxes and main sequence fitting is investigated on the basis of Stromgren
photometry of F-type stars. Field stars with the same metallicity as the
Pleiades have been selected from the m1 index and a technique has been
developed to locate the ZAMS of these field stars in color-magnitude diagrams
based on the color/temperature indices b-y, v-y, and beta. Fitting the Pleiades
to these ZAMS relations results in a distance modulus of 5.61+/-0.03 mag in
contrast to the Hipparcos modulus of 5.36+/-0.06 mag. Hence, we cannot confirm
the recent claim by Grenon (1999) that the distance problem is solved by
adopting a low metallicity of the Pleiades ([Fe/H]=-0.11) as determined from
Geneva photometry. The metallicity sensitivity of the ZAMS determined by the
field stars is investigated, and by combining this sensitivity in all three
color/temperature indices b-y, v-y, and beta we get a independent test of the
Pleiades distance modulus which support our value of 5.61 mag. Furthermore, the
field star sample used for the comparison is tested against theoretical
isochrones of different ages to show that evolutionary effects in the field
star sample are not biasing our distance modulus estimate significantly.
Possible explanations of the Pleiades distance problem are discussed and it is
suggested that the discrepancy in the derived moduli may be linked to a
non-spherical shape of the cluster.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Observations of spatial and velocity structure in the Orion Molecular Cloud
Observations are reported of H2 IR emission in the S(1) v=1-0 line at 2.121
microns in the Orion Molecular Cloud, OMC1, using the GriF instrument on the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. GriF is a combination of adaptive optics and
Fabry-Perot interferometry, yielding a spatial resolution of 0.15" to 0.18" and
a velocity discrimination as high as 1 km/s. Thanks to the high spatial and
velocity resolution of the GriF data, 193 bright H2 emission regions can be
identified in OMC1. The general characteristics of these features are described
in terms of radial velocities, brightness and spatial displacement of maxima of
velocity and brightness, the latter to yield the orientation of flows in the
plane of the sky. Strong spatial correlation between velocity and bright H2
emission is found and serves to identify many features as shocks. Important
results are: (i) velocities of the excited gas illustrate the presence of a
zone to the south of BN-IRc2 and Peak 1, and the west of Peak 2, where there is
a powerful blue-shifted outflow with an average velocity of -18 km/s. This is
shown to be the NIR counterpart of an outflow identified in the radio from
source I, a very young O-star. (ii) There is a band of weak velocity features
(<5 km/s) in Peak 1 which may share a common origin through an explosive event,
in the BN-IRc2 region, with the fast-moving fingers (or bullets) to the NW of
OMC1. (iii) A proportion of the flows are likely to represent sites of low mass
star formation and several regions show multiple outflows, probably indicative
of multiple star formation within OMC1. The high spatial and velocity
resolution of the GriF data show these and other features in more detail than
has previously been possible.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figures, submitted to A&A Version 2: Several additions,
including a section on protostellar candidates in OMC1, have been made based
on the referee's suggestions v3: corrected typograph
O/Fe in metal-poor main sequence and subgiant stars
A study of the O/Fe ratio in metal-poor main sequence and subgiant stars is
presented using the [OI] 6300A line, the OI 7774A triplet, and a selection of
weak FeII lines observed on high-resolution spectra acquired with the VLT UVES
spectrograph. The [OI] line is detected in the spectra of 18 stars with -0.5 <
[Fe/H] < -2.4, and the triplet is observed for 15 stars with [Fe/H] ranging
from -1.0 to -2.7. The abundance analysis was made first using standard model
atmospheres taking into account non-LTE effects on the triplet: the [OI] line
and the triplet give consistent results with [O/Fe] increasing quasi-linearly
with decreasing [Fe/H] reaching [O/Fe] ~ +0.7 at [Fe/H] = -2.5. When
hydrodynamical model atmospheres representing stellar granulation in dwarf and
subgiant stars replace standard models, the [O/Fe] from the [OI] and FeII lines
is decreased by an amount which increases with decreasing [Fe/H]. The [O/Fe] vs
[Fe/H] relation remains quasi-linear extending to [O/Fe] ~ +0.5 at [Fe/H] =
-2.5, but with a tendency of a plateau with [O/Fe] ~ +0.3 for -2.0 < [Fe/H] <
-1.0, and a hint of cosmic scatter in [O/Fe] at [Fe/H] ~ -1.0. Use of the
hydrodynamical models disturbs the broad agreement between the oxygen
abundances from the [OI], OI, and OH lines, but 3D non-LTE effects may serve to
erase these differences.Comment: ps file, 18 pages (including 10 figures) - Accepted for publication
in A&
The First Galaxies: Clues from Element Abundances
It has recently become possible to measure directly the abundances of several
chemical elements in a variety of environments at redshifts up to z = 5. In
this review I summarise the latest observations of Lyman break galaxies, damped
Lyman alpha systems and the Lyman alpha forest with a view to uncovering any
clues which these data may offer to the first episodes of star formation. The
picture which is emerging is one where the universe at z = 3 already included
many of the components of today's galaxies--even at these early times we see
evidence for Populations I and II stars, while the `smoking gun' for Population
III objects may be hidden in the chemical composition of the lowest density
regions of the IGM, yet to be deciphered.Comment: 15 pages, LaTex, 8 Postscript Figures. To appear in the Philosophical
Transactions of The Royal Society, Series
Determination of audit activity in modern conditions
The task of compulsory audit of financial statements is the provision of reasonable assurance that is accepted and performed by the entity in accordance with the requirements of this Law and international standards of audit by checking the financial statements or consolidated financial statements in order to express an independent opinion of the auditor on its compliance with all significant aspects and compliance with the requirements of international financial reporting standards or national accounting (statutory) standards and laws of Ukraine
Predictive role of symptom duration before the initial clinical presentation of adolescents with capitellar osteochondritis dissecans on preoperative and postoperative measures: A systematic review
High-precision abundances of elements in Kepler LEGACY stars. Verification of trends with stellar age
HARPS-N spectra with S/N > 250 and MARCS model atmospheres were used to
derive abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Y in ten
stars from the Kepler LEGACY sample (including the binary pair 16 Cyg A and B)
selected to have metallicities in the range -0.15 < [Fe/H] < +0.15 and ages
between 1 and 7 Gyr. Stellar gravities were obtained from seismic data and
effective temperatures were determined by comparing non-LTE iron abundances
derived from FeI and FeII lines. Available non-LTE corrections were also
applied when deriving abundances of the other elements. The results support the
[X/Fe]-age relations previously found for solar twins. [Mg/Fe], [Al/Fe], and
[Zn/Fe] decrease by ~0.1 dex over the lifetime of the Galactic thin disk due to
delayed contribution of iron from Type Ia supernovae relative to prompt
production of Mg, Al, and Zn in Type II supernovae. [Y/Mg] and [Y/Al], on the
other hand, increase by ~0.3 dex, which can be explained by an increasing
contribution of s-process elements from low-mass AGB stars as time goes on. The
trends of [C/Fe] and [O/Fe] are more complicated due to variations of the ratio
between refractory and volatile elements among stars of similar age. Two stars
with about the same age as the Sun show very different trends of [X/H] as a
function of elemental condensation temperature Tc and for 16 Cyg, the two
components have an abundance difference, which increases with Tc. These
anomalies may be connected to planet-star interactions.Comment: 13 pages with 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
A New Limit on Signals of Lorentz Violation in Electrodynamics
We describe the results of an experiment to test for spacetime anisotropy
terms that might exist from Lorentz violations. The apparatus consists of a
pair of cylindrical superconducting cavity-stabilized oscillators operating in
the TM_{010} mode with one axis east-west and the other vertical. Spatial
anisotropy is detected by monitoring the beat frequency at the sidereal rate
and its first harmonic. We see no anisotropy to a part in 10^{13}. This puts a
comparable bound on four linear combinations of parameters in the general
Standard Model extension, and a weaker bound of <4 x 10^{-9} on three others.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
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