Ultrasonographic and by computed tomography measurements of adipose tissue and metabolic changes associated with obesity in children Mediciones ultrasonograficas y de tomografia computada de adiposidad y alteraciones metabolicas asociadas a obesidad en ni

Introduction. Childhood obesity is increasing over the world with serious health consequences. Intraabdominal fat is associated to some metabolic alterations in obesity. It does not exist a standard imaging method to measure adipose tissue in children. Objectives: In obese children to study the association between insulinemia and subcutaneous or intraabdominal fat evaluated by ultrasonographic (US) or computed tomography (CT). Subjects and Methods. 37 obese (BMI ? p95) prepubertal obese children (ages from 6 to 12 years) were assessed using anthropometric, US and CT for fat areas and linear intrabdominal segments measurements. Laboratory techniques were also performed: insulinemia and glycemia. Results. We found good correlations between US and TC intra-abdominal adipose tissue measurements (r= 0,79; p< 0,001). US (r=0.56) and CT (r=0.53) visceral fat assessment had better correlations with insulinemia than anthropometric measurements (BMI, r= 0,33; waist, r= 0.42). Conclusions. US an

MEDICIONES ULTRASONOGRAFICAS Y DE TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADA DE ADIPOSIDAD Y ALTERACIONES METABOLICAS ASOCIADAS A OBESIDAD EN NIÑOS

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública de prevalencia creciente y consecuencias a futuro. El compartimiento adiposo intraperitoneal estaría asociado a factores de riesgo metabólicos propios de la obesidad. No existe una estandarización de mediciones de tejido adiposo en imágenes en niños. Objetivos. Estudiar la asociación entre mediciones de tejido graso abdominal con insulinemia, en niños. Sujetos y Métodos. Se estudiaron 37 escolares prepuberales obesos (IMC ? p95), de ambos sexos, entre 6 y 12 años, con técnicas antropométricas, imagenológicas (US y TC) y de laboratorio (glicemia, insulinemia). Resultados. Las mediciones del tejido adiposo abdominal mediante US presentaron altas correlaciones con las mismas mediciones por TC (r= 0,79; pIntroduction. Childhood obesity is increasing over the world with serious health consequences. Intraabdominal fat is associated to some metabolic alterations in obesity. It does not exist a standard imaging method to measure adipose tissue in children. Objectives: In obese children to study the association between insulinemia and subcutaneous or intraabdominal fat evaluated by ultrasonographic (US) or computed tomography (CT). Subjects and Methods. 37 obese (BMI ? p95) prepubertal obese children (ages from 6 to 12 years) were assessed using anthropometric, US and CT for fat areas and linear intrabdominal segments measurements. Laboratory techniques were also performed: insulinemia and glycemia. Results. We found good correlations between US and TC intra-abdominal adipose tissue measurements (r= 0,79; p< 0,001). US (r=0.56) and CT (r=0.53) visceral fat assessment had better correlations with insulinemia than anthropometric measurements (BMI, r= 0,33; waist, r= 0.42). Conclusions. US and CT measurements of intraabdominal fat emerge as promising techniques to identify obesity-associated metabolic risk in childhoo

The Dynamic Nonprime Binding of Sampatrilat to the C‑Domain of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme

Sampatrilat is a vasopeptidase inhibitor that inhibits both angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase. ACE is a zinc dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that contains two extracellular domains (nACE and cACE). In this study the molecular basis for the selectivity of sampatrilat for nACE and cACE was investigated. Enzyme inhibition assays were performed to evaluate the in vitro ACE domain selectivity of sampatrilat. The inhibition of the C-domain (<i>K</i>_i = 13.8 nM) by sampatrilat was 12.4-fold more potent than that for the N-domain (171.9 nM), indicating differences in affinities for the respective ACE domain binding sites. Interestingly, replacement of the P₂ group of sampatrilat with an aspartate abrogated its C-selectivity and lowered the potency of the inhibitor to activities in the micromolar range. The molecular basis for this selective profile was evaluated using molecular modeling methods. We found that the C-domain selectivity of sampatrilat is due to occupation of the lysine side chain in the S₁ and S₂ subsites and interactions with Glu748 and Glu1008, respectively. This study provides new insights into ligand interactions with the nonprime binding site that can be exploited for the design of domain-selective ACE inhibitors

K2-287 b: An Eccentric Warm Saturn Transiting a G-dwarf

We report the discovery of K2-287b, a Saturn mass planet orbiting a G-dwarf with a period of P ≈ 15 days. First uncovered as a candidate using K2 campaign 15 data, follow-up photometry and spectroscopy were used to determine a mass {M}{{P}}=0.317+/- 0.026 {M}{{J}}, radius {R}{{P}}=0.833+/- 0.013 {R}{{J}}, period P=14.893291+/- 0.000025 days, and eccentricity e=0.476+/- 0.026. The host star is a metal-rich V = 11.410 ± 0.129 mag G-dwarf for which we estimate a mass {M}\star ={1.056}-0.021+0.022 {M}☉ , radius {R}\star =1.070+/- 0.010 {R}☉ , metallicity [Fe/H] = 0.20 ±0.05, and {T}eff}=5673+/- 75 K. This warm eccentric planet with a time-averaged equilibrium temperature of {T}eq}≈ 800 K adds to the small sample of giant planets orbiting nearby stars whose structure is not expected to be affected by stellar irradiation. Follow-up studies on the K2-287 system could help constrain theories of planet migration in close-in orbits