1,974 research outputs found
Collapse of Randomly Linked Polymers
We consider polymers in which M randomly selected pairs of monomers are
restricted to be in contact. Analytical arguments and numerical simulations
show that an ideal (Gaussian) chain of N monomers remains expanded as long as
M<<N. This result is inconsistent with results obtained from free energy
considerations by Brygelson and Thirumalai (PRL76, 542 (1996)).Comment: 1 page, 1 postscript figure, LaTe
Constraints on stable equilibria with fluctuation-induced forces
We examine whether fluctuation-induced forces can lead to stable levitation.
First, we analyze a collection of classical objects at finite temperature that
contain fixed and mobile charges, and show that any arrangement in space is
unstable to small perturbations in position. This extends Earnshaw's theorem
for electrostatics by including thermal fluctuations of internal charges.
Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are responsible for
Casimir/van der Waals interactions. Neglecting permeabilities, we find that any
equilibrium position of items subject to such forces is also unstable if the
permittivities of all objects are higher or lower than that of the enveloping
medium; the former being the generic case for ordinary materials in vacuum.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Material dependence of Casimir forces: gradient expansion beyond proximity
A widely used method for estimating Casimir interactions [H. B. G. Casimir,
Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. 51, 793 (1948)] between gently curved material
surfaces at short distances is the proximity force approximation (PFA). While
this approximation is asymptotically exact at vanishing separations,
quantifying corrections to PFA has been notoriously difficult. Here we use a
derivative expansion to compute the leading curvature correction to PFA for
metals (gold) and insulators (SiO) at room temperature. We derive an
explicit expression for the amplitude of the PFA correction to
the force gradient for axially symmetric surfaces. In the non-retarded limit,
the corrections to the Casimir free energy are found to scale logarithmically
with distance. For gold, has an unusually large temperature
dependence.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Passive Sliders on Growing Surfaces and (anti-)Advection in Burger's Flows
We study the fluctuations of particles sliding on a stochastically growing
surface. This problem can be mapped to motion of passive scalars in a randomly
stirred Burger's flow. Renormalization group studies, simulations, and scaling
arguments in one dimension, suggest a rich set of phenomena: If particles slide
with the avalanche of growth sites (advection with the fluid), they tend to
cluster and follow the surface dynamics. However, for particles sliding against
the avalanche (anti-advection), we find slower diffusion dynamics, and density
fluctuations with no simple relation to the underlying fluid, possibly with
continuously varying exponents.Comment: 4 pages revtex
Validation of topology optimization for component design
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76866/1/AIAA-1994-4265-799.pd
Spontaneous emission by rotating objects: A scattering approach
We study the quantum electrodynamics (QED) vacuum in the presence of a body
rotating along its axis of symmetry and show that the object spontaneously
emits energy if it is lossy. The radiated power is expressed as a general trace
formula solely in terms of the scattering matrix, making an explicit connection
to the conjecture of Zel'dovich [JETP Lett. 14, 180 (1971)] on rotating
objects. We further show that a rotating body drags along nearby objects while
making them spin parallel to its own rotation axis
Energy Barriers to Motion of Flux Lines in Random Media
We propose algorithms for determining both lower and upper bounds for the
energy barriers encountered by a flux line in moving through a two-dimensional
random potential. Analytical arguments, supported by numerical simulations,
suggest that these bounds scale with the length of the line as
and , respectively. This provides the first confirmation
of the hypothesis that barriers have the same scaling as the fluctuation in the
free energy. \pacs{PACS numbers: 74.60.Ge, 05.70.Ln, 05.40.+j}Comment: 4 pages Revtex, 2 figures, to appear in PRL 75, 1170 (1995
Characterising the interactions between unicast and broadcast in IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks
This paper investigates the relative performance of unicast and broadcast traffic traversing a one-hop ad hoc network utilising the 802.11 DCF. An extended Markov model has been developed and validated through computer simulation, which successfully predicts the respective performance of unicast and broadcast in a variety of mixed traffic scenarios. Under heavy network traffic conditions, a significant divergence is seen to develop between the performance of the two traffic classes - in particular, when network becomes saturated, unicast traffic is effectively given higher precedence over broadcast. As a result, the network becomes dominated by unicast frames, leading to poor rates of broadcast frame delivery
Minimum Perimeter-Sum Partitions in the Plane
Let P be a set of n points in the plane. We consider the problem of partitioning P into two subsets P_1 and P_2 such that the sum of the perimeters of CH(P_1) and CH(P_2) is minimized, where CH(P_i) denotes the convex hull of P_i. The problem was first studied by Mitchell and Wynters in 1991 who gave an O(n^2) time algorithm. Despite considerable progress on related problems, no subquadratic time algorithm for this problem was found so far. We present an exact algorithm solving the problem in O(n log^4 n) time and a (1+e)-approximation algorithm running in O(n + 1/e^2 log^4(1/e)) time
Phase ordering and roughening on growing films
We study the interplay between surface roughening and phase separation during
the growth of binary films. Already in 1+1 dimension, we find a variety of
different scaling behaviors depending on how the two phenomena are coupled. In
the most interesting case, related to the advection of a passive scalar in a
velocity field, nontrivial scaling exponents are obtained in simulations.Comment: 4 pages latex, 6 figure
- …