Model ingredients and peak mass production in heavy-ion collisions

We simulate the central reactions of $^{20}$Ne+$^{20}$Ne, $^{40}$Ar+$^{45}$Sc, $^{58}$Ni+$^{58}$Ni, $^{86}$Kr+$^{93}$Nb, $^{129}$Xe+$^{118}$Sn, $^{86}$Kr+$^{197}$Au, and $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au at different incident energies for different equations of state, different binary cross sections and different widths of Gaussians. A rise-and-fall behavior of the multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) is observed. The system size dependence of peak center-of-mass energy E$_{c.m.} ^{max}$ and peak IMF multiplicity $^{max}$ is also studied, where it is observed that E$_{c.m.}^{max}$ follows a linear behavior and $^{max}$ shows a power-law dependence. A comparison between two clusterization methods, the minimum spanning tree and the minimum spanning tree method with binding energy check (MSTB), is also made. We find that the MSTB method reduces the $^{max}$, especially in heavy systems. The power-law dependence is also observed for fragments of different sizes at E$_{c.m.} ^{max}$ and the power-law parameter $\tau$ is found to be close to unity in all cases except A$^{max}$.Comment: 6 Figures, 7 page

Socio-demographics, Oral Health Behavior, and Physical Activity: Factors in Caries Experience Among 19–59 Years Old Adults in a Malaysian Population

Dental caries is one of the common diseases that are attributed by many factors. Many from the adult population are afflicted with dental caries. This study aimed to determine the predictors of developing dental caries among adults. Three hundred and thirty four adults participated in this study. Information gathered includes their socio-demographic backgrounds, oral health behaviour, physical activity level, body mass index, body fat percentages, visceral fat level, and dental missing filled extracted teeth (DMFX) index. All standard protocols were observed and DMFX was examined using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Prevalence of dental caries was 87.4%, inclusive of 61.3% of female respondents with caries experience. Most of the study participants were overweight. Only the consumption of high sugar food (p=0.03) was found to be connected between dental caries and oral health behaviours. Regression analysis (p<0.001) showed that older age (p<0.001), regular visits to dental clinic per year (p=0.012), lower education level (p=0.025), and lower physical activity (p=0.008) were significant factors in developing dental caries among this study population. Older aged adults, frequent appointment with the dentist, lower education in oral health, and lower physical activity were possible factors for dental caries presence

Broken Time Reversal Symmetry and Superconducting States in the Cuprates

Recently, Kaminski et al. have reported that time reversal symmetry is broken in the pseudogap phase in the high temperature superconducting material Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{2+\delta} (Bi-2212). Here we examine the role of translationally invariant broken time reversal states on d_{x^2-y^2} superconductors. In particular, we determine the change in the superconducting order parameter structure. We find that the broken time reversal pseudogap state that is consistent with the experiment of Kaminski et al., gives rise to a novel mixed singlet-triplet pairing d+ip phase. This d+ip state is shown to give rise to a helical superconducting phase. Consequences of this d+ip state on Josephson experiments are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Evaluation of antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of Justicia adhatoda leaves extract

In this study, the ethanolic extract of Justicia adhatoda (Acanthaceae) leaves was prepared by successive extraction procedure in increasing polarity order. Moreover, there are no antimutagenic evaluation reports found. In the present study our aim was to determine the antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of different fractions of ethanolic extract of J. adhatoda. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids which might be responsible for bioprotective activity. Among the five fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous), n-butanol and ethyl acetate exhibited significant antioxidant activity with minimum IC50 value (< 105.33 μg/ml) whereas, hexane, chloroform and aqueous fractions exhibits excellent antimutagenic potential against 2-aminofluorine for S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains in the presence of S9 mix. These results indicate that these fractions need further research into its potential chemoprevention effects.Key words: Justicia adhatoda, antioxidant, antimutagenic, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), IC50 value

Zone Segmentation and Thinning based Algorithm for Segmentation of Devnagari Text

Character segmentation of handwritten documents is an challenging research topic due to its diverse application environment.OCR can be used for automated processing and handling of forms, old corrupted reports, bank cheques, postal codes and structures. Now Segmentation of a word into characters is one of the major challenge in optical character recognition. This is even more challenging when we segment characters in an offline handwritten document and the next hurdle is presence of broken ,touching and overlapped characters in devnagari script. So, in this paper we have introduced an algorithm that will segment both broken as well as touching characters in devnagari script. Now to segment these characters the algorithm uses both zone segmentation and thinning based techniques. We have used 85 words each for isolated, broken, touching and both broken as well as touching characters individually. Results achieved while segmentation of broken as well as touching are 96.2 % on an average