155 research outputs found
Patient-reported outcome measures for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the exclusion of people with low literacy skills and learning disabilities
<p>Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)
are intended to reflect outcomes relevant to patients. They are
increasingly used for healthcare quality improvement. To
produce valid measures, patients should be involved in the
development process but it is unclear whether this usually
includes people with low literacy skills or learning disabilities.
This potential exclusion raises concerns about whether these
groups will be able to use these measures and participate in
quality improvement practices.</p>
<p>Methods: Taking PROMs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an exemplar condition, our review
determined the inclusion of people with low literacy skills and
learning disabilities in research developing, validating, and
using 12 PROMs for COPD patients. The studies included in
our review were based on those identified in two existing
systematic reviews and our update of this search.
Results People with low literacy skills and/or learning
disabilities were excluded from the development of
PROMs in two ways: explicitly through the participant
eligibility criteria and, more commonly, implicitly through
recruitment or administration methods that would require
high-level reading and cognitive abilities. None of the
studies mentioned efforts to include people with low literacy skills or learning disabilities.</p>
<p>Conclusion: Our findings suggest that people with low
literacy skills or learning disabilities are left out of the
development of PROMs. Given that implicit exclusion was
most common, researchers and those who administer
PROMs may not even be aware of this problem. Without
effort to improve inclusion, unequal quality improvement
practices may become embedded in the health system.</p>
Studies in Tautomeric Equilibrium Schemes: 3-Amino-5-sulpho- & 5-Amino-3-sulphosalicylic Acids
752-75
Studies in Cu(II) Complexes of 8-Amino-1-naphthol-5,7-,3,6- & 3,5-disulphonic Acids & 8-Amino-1-naphthol-5-sulphonic Acid
627-62
Spectrophotometric Study of the Complexes of Fe(III) with Salicylhydroxamic Acid & Its Substituted Derivatives
753-75
A Novel Loss Tolerant Data Transmission Schemes for Airborne Telemetry System of a Long Range Aerospace Vehicle
The on-board telemetry system of an aerospace vehicle sends the vehicle performance parameters to the ground receiving station at all instances of its trajectory. During the course of its trajectory, the communication channel of a long range vehicle, experiences various phenomena such as plume attenuation, stage separation, manoeuvring of a vehicle and RF blackout, causing loss of valuable telemetry data. The loss of communication link is inevitable due to these harsh conditions even when using the space diversity of ground receiving systems. Conventional telemetry systems do not provide redundant data for long range aerospace vehicles. This research work proposes an innovative delay data transmission, frame switchover and multiple frames data transmission schemes to improve the availability of telemetry data at ground receiving stations. The proposed innovative schemes are modelled using VHDL and extensive simulations have been performed to validate the results. The functionally simulated net list has been synthesised with 130 nm ACTEL flash based FPGA and verified on telemetry hardware
Online Trajectory Reshaping for a Launch Vehicle to Minimize the Final Error Caused by Navigation and Guidance
Autonomous launch vehicles, once lifted off from the launch pad, equipped with an onboard intelligence which aids in achieving the mission objectives with high accuracy. The accuracy of the mission depends basically on navigation and guidance errors caused at burnout condition, after which the vehicle follows an elliptical path upto impact. The paper describes how to handle the final impact and injection error caused by these navigation and guidance errors. In the current work the initial burnout conditions are tuned and corrected such that the terminal impact point is achieved within the desired tolerance bounds. A two point boundary value problem is solved using the gradient method, for determining the impact errors. The algorithm is validated by simulation studies for various burnout conditions.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(3), pp.254-261, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.241
Global, Regional, and National Sex-Specific Burden and Control of the HIV Epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 Countries and Territories: The Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019
Background The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic.
Methods To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold \u3e75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold \u3c0.03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold \u3c1.0).
Findings In 2019, there were 36.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35.1-38.9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0.84 males (95% UI 0.78-0.91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0.99 male infections (0.91-1.10) for every female infection, and 1.02 male deaths (0.95-1.10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28.52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19.58-35.43, and a 39.66% decrease in deaths, 36.49-42.36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0.05 (95% UI 0.05-0.06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1.94 (1.76-2.12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress.
Interpretation Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics
Studies on CGMS Based Short Duration Hybrids of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in Terms of Combining Ability
To estimate combining ability, twenty seven hybrids were made from 12
parents in a line × tester mating design during Kharif 2015-16 and tested in
a Randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2016-17.
Among these parents ICPL 161 and ICPL 149 had desirable GCA effect for
grain yield per plant and its contributing characters. Ten crosses exhibited
significant positive SCA effect for grain yield. Out of them most promising
crosses in terms of grain yield were ICPA 2039 × ICPL 161, ICPA 2156 ×
ICPL 86022 and ICPA 2039 × ICPL 90048. On the basis of per se
performance and combining ability, the parents ICPA 2039, ICPL 88039,
ICPL 161 and ICPL 149 can be used for future hybridization programmes
Study of CGMS based Short Duration Hybrids of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] In Terms of Heterosis
Twenty seven pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hybrids were
developed by hand pollination using three CMS lines (A lines) and nine
testers (R lines). These hybrids along with their parents and two standard
checks (VL Arhar1 and ICPL 161) were evaluated in a randomized block
design with three replications during kharif 2016-17 for the heterosis
studies. Results indicated that the crosses ICPA 2039 x ICPL161 and ICPA
2039 x ICPL 90048 had manifested significant heterobeltiosis and standard
heterosis over two checks viz., VL Arhar1 and ICPL 161 for grain yield per
plant and yield contributing characters. The stability of these promising
crosses can be studied across the different environments and feasibility for
their commercial utilisation could be tested in further generations
Performance of Parents and Hybrids of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in terms of Yield and Yield Contributing Characters
Twelve parents were used in the crossing programme to produce 27 hybrids in L×T fashion
during kharif 2015-16. In the field conditions, parents and hybrids were planted in Randomized
Block Design of three replications and evaluated for the performance in terms of yield and yield
contributing characters during kharif 2016-17. Observations were recorded on ten characters
viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per
plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per
pod, 100 seed weight, grain yield per plant and harvest index. It was observed that increase in
number of pods per plant directly contributed to increased yield. Among the twenty seven
hybrids, ICPA 2039 × ICPL 161, ICPA 2039 × ICPL 90048 and ICPA 2039 × ICPL149 had
high grain yield
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