Deductive and Analogical Reasoning on a Semantically Embedded Knowledge Graph

Representing knowledge as high-dimensional vectors in a continuous semantic vector space can help overcome the brittleness and incompleteness of traditional knowledge bases. We present a method for performing deductive reasoning directly in such a vector space, combining analogy, association, and deduction in a straightforward way at each step in a chain of reasoning, drawing on knowledge from diverse sources and ontologies.Comment: AGI 201

Interaction of caveolin-1 with Ku70 inhibits Bax-mediated apoptosis

Caveolin-1, the structural protein component of caveolae, acts as a scaffolding protein that functionally regulates signaling molecules. We show that knockdown of caveolin-1 protein expression enhances chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis and inhibits long-term survival of colon cancer cells. In vitro studies demonstrate that caveolin-1 is a novel Ku70-binding protein, as shown by the binding of the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 (amino acids 82-101) to the caveolin-binding domain (CBD) of Ku70 (amino acids 471-478). Cell culture data show that caveolin-1 binds Ku70 after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanistically, we found that binding of caveolin-1 to Ku70 inhibits the chemotherapeutic drug-induced release of Bax from Ku70, activation of Bax, translocation of Bax to mitochondria and apoptosis. Potentiation of apoptosis by knockdown of caveolin-1 protein expression is greatly reduced in the absence of Bax expression. Finally, we found that overexpression of wild type Ku70, but not a mutant form of Ku70 that cannot bind to caveolin-1 (Ku70 Φ→A), limits the chemotherapeutic drug-induced Ku70/Bax dissociation and apoptosis. Thus, caveolin-1 acts as an anti-apoptotic protein in colon cancer cells by binding to Ku70 and inhibiting Bax-dependent cell death. © 2012 Zou et al

Postsynaptic calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is required to limit elaboration of presynaptic and postsynaptic neuronal arbors

Neuronal dendritic and axonal arbors grow to a characteristic size and then stabilize their structures. Activity-dependent stop-growing signals may limit neuronal process elaboration. We tested whether endogenous calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity in postsynaptic optic tectal cells is required to restrict the elaboration of neuronal processes in the Xenopus tadpole retinotectal projection. Optic tectal cells were infected with vaccinia viruses that express CaMKII-specific inhibitory peptides. In vivo time-lapse imaging revealed that expression of CaMKII inhibitors blocked the growth restriction that normally occurs during maturation of tectal cell dendritic arbors. Postsynaptic CaMKII inhibition also increased the growth of presynaptic retinotectal axon arbors. The results indicate that endogenous postsynaptic CaMKII activity is required to limit the growth of presynaptic and postsynaptic arbor structures in vivo

Manifold Elastic Net: A Unified Framework for Sparse Dimension Reduction

It is difficult to find the optimal sparse solution of a manifold learning based dimensionality reduction algorithm. The lasso or the elastic net penalized manifold learning based dimensionality reduction is not directly a lasso penalized least square problem and thus the least angle regression (LARS) (Efron et al. \cite{LARS}), one of the most popular algorithms in sparse learning, cannot be applied. Therefore, most current approaches take indirect ways or have strict settings, which can be inconvenient for applications. In this paper, we proposed the manifold elastic net or MEN for short. MEN incorporates the merits of both the manifold learning based dimensionality reduction and the sparse learning based dimensionality reduction. By using a series of equivalent transformations, we show MEN is equivalent to the lasso penalized least square problem and thus LARS is adopted to obtain the optimal sparse solution of MEN. In particular, MEN has the following advantages for subsequent classification: 1) the local geometry of samples is well preserved for low dimensional data representation, 2) both the margin maximization and the classification error minimization are considered for sparse projection calculation, 3) the projection matrix of MEN improves the parsimony in computation, 4) the elastic net penalty reduces the over-fitting problem, and 5) the projection matrix of MEN can be interpreted psychologically and physiologically. Experimental evidence on face recognition over various popular datasets suggests that MEN is superior to top level dimensionality reduction algorithms.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figure

Structural design and verification of an innovative whole adaptive variable camber wing

A whole adaptive variable camber wing (AVCW) equipped with an innovative double rib sheet (DRS) structure is experimentally and numerically studied in this work. The DRS structure adopts the surface contact mode for the force transmission of changeable camber wing instead of the conventional rigid hinge joint contact. The whole AVCW design allows to adjust the shape of wing in a real-time at various flight conditions, which is of great interest for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. The flight-test experiments demonstrate that the total AVCW carrying the developed adaptive control system (ACS) can enhance UAV flight efficiency by 14.1% comparing to a traditional fixed-wing of Talon UAV. In addition, it indicates that employing the whole AVCW structure can sustain a larger flight load, without increasing the weight of entire wing structure except for the actuator device and adhesives, which is promising for future engineering applications

Nonclassicality of quantum excitation of classical coherent field in photon loss channel

We investigate the nonclassicality of photon-added coherent states in the photon loss channel by exploring the entanglement potential and negative Wigner distribution. The total negative probability defined by the absolute value of the integral of the Wigner function over the negative distribution region reduces with the increase of decay time. The total negative probability and the entanglement potential of pure photon-added coherent states exhibit the similar dependence on the beam intensity. The reduce of the total negative probability is consistent with the behavior of entanglement potential for the dissipative single-photon-added coherent state at short decay times.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, RevTex4, submitte

Comment on ``Superconducting PrBa_2Cu_3O_x''

Recently, Zou et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1074, 1998) reported the observation of bulk superconductivity (SC) for a PrBa_2Cu_3O_x (Pr123) single crystal grown by the traveling-solvent floating zone (TSFZ) method. The aim of this Comment is to show the inconsistency of the value of effective magnetic moment \mu_{eff} reported by Zou et al. (2.92\mu_B) with their magnetic susceptibility data. The estimation made directly from their data points gives a considerably smaller value of \mu_{eff}=2.09\mu_B. At the same time the values of mu_{eff}=2.9\mu_B and 3.1\mu_B were obtained for our Pr123 single crystals grown by flux method for H||ab-plane and H||c-axis, respectively. This suggests that Pr occupies only about a half of the RE sites in TSFZ crystal. The other half of the RE sites is occupied most probably by the nonmagnetic Ba. Noteworthy, SC with T_c=43 K was observed earlier for Pr_{0.5}Ca_{0.5}Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-y} thin films. Ba^{2+} has a larger ionic radius than Pr^{3+} and so the substitution of Ba for Pr could give a natural explanation not only for the SC in TSFZ Pr123 but also for the elongation of the distance between the CuO_2 planes observed by Zou et al.Comment: Slightly extended version of Comment accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (v.81, N24, 1998), tentatevely to be publ. 14Dec98. 1 page, REVTex; 1 EPS fi

Optoelectronic oscillator for 5G wireless networks and beyond

With the development of 5G wireless network and beyond, the wireless carrier frequency will definitely reach millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and even terahertz (THz). As one of the key elements in wireless networks, the local oscillator (LO) needs to operate at mm-wave and THz band with lower phase noise, which becomes a major challenge for commercial LOs. In this article, we investigate the recent developments of the electronic integrated circuit (EIC) oscillator and the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), and especially investigate the prospect of OEO serving as a qualified LO in the 5G wireless network and beyond. Both the EIC oscillators and OEOs are investigated, including their basic theories of operation, representative techniques and some milestones in applications. Then, we compare the performances between the EIC oscillators and the OEOs in terms of frequency accuracy, phase noise, power consumption and cost. After describing the specific requirements of LO based on the standard of 5G and 6G wireless communication systems, we introduce an injection-locked OEO architecture which can be implemented to distribute and synchronize LOs. The OEO has better phase noise performance at high frequency, which is greatly desired for LO in 5G wireless network and beyond. Besides, the OEO provides an easy and low-loss method to distribute and synchronize mm-wave and THz LOs. Thanks to photonic integrated circuit development, the power consumption and cost of OEO reduce gradually. It is foreseeable that the integrated OEO with lower cost may have a promising prospect in the 5G wireless network and beyond

The effect of government quality on corporate cash holdings

We use China as a laboratory to test the effect of government quality on cash holdings. We build on, and extend, the existing literature on government expropriation and its interaction with firm-level agency problems by proposing a financial constraint mitigation argument. We find that firms hold less cash when local government quality is high, which is not consistent with the state expropriation argument, but supports the financial constraint mitigation argument. A good government lowers the investment sensitivity to cash flows and cash sensitivity to cash flows, decreases cash holdings more significantly in private firms, and improves access to bank and trade credit financing. We also test and find support for Stulz's (2005) model on the interaction between government and firm agency problems. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.postprin